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孤立原子、分子及复杂体系中电子本征时间尺度演化规律及调控机理，一直是原子分子物理基础科研与量子材料前沿应用十分重要的科学问题。近二十年阿秒光脉冲产生以及阿秒度量谱学的发展，为这一科学问题的探索带来新的契机和挑战。传统飞行时间谱仪、速度动量成像谱仪等探测方式已能在极高时间能量分辨率下揭示阿秒时间尺度光电离电子发射过程中的阿秒散射相移过程，然而在多体符合测量、三维动量关联方面存在局限性，这极大限制了对多电子关联、电子-核耦合非绝热超快动力学等物理过程的探索。为实现对光电离过程中电子、离子三维动量的多维实时观测，电子-离子符合测量系统中引入了阿秒干涉仪，发展出符合干涉测量系统。本文介绍了一种结合阿秒脉冲泵浦-红外飞秒脉冲探测和冷靶反冲离子动量谱仪符合测量的阿秒符合干涉仪，该装置能够对原子分子体系中所有带电粒子碎片的动量进行阿秒时间分辨成像，从而深入探究光电离过程的动力学机制；并着重介绍近年来阿秒符合干涉仪在原子、分子以及更复杂体系的光电离动力学研究中的应用和取得的突破性进展。The evolution mechanism of electrons in isolated atoms, molecules and complex systems on the natural time-scale have long been the fundamental question in atomic and molecular physics, with significant implications for the applications of quantum materials. Over the past two decades, the development of attosecond light pulses and attosecond metrology has opened new opportunities—with posing new challenges—for investigating the electronic dynamics. Conventional detection techniques, such as timeof-flight and velocity map imaging spectrometers, have enabled the study of attosecond scattering phase shifts during photoemission and ionization processes with extremely high temporal and energy resolution. However, the limitations in multi-particle coincidence detection and three-dimensional momentum correlation have restricted deeper exploration of many-body correlations and non-adiabatic ultrafast dynamics involving electron-nuclear coupling. To enable multidimensional and real-time observation of the threedimensional momenta of both electrons and ions during photoionization, the attosecond interferometry has been integrated into electron-ion coincidence systems. In this paper we introduce the attosecond coincidence interferometer that combines an attosecond pump-infrared femtosecond probe scheme with cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy. The apparatus allows attosecond-time-resolved momentum imaging of all charged fragments in atomic and molecular systems, thereby providing deeper insights into the dynamics of photoionization. We also highlight the recent groundbreaking applications and advances of attosecond coincidence interferometer in the research of photoionization dynamics in atoms, molecules, and more complex systems.
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Keywords:
- coincidence measurement /
- attosecond spectroscopy /
- atomic and molecular ultrafast dynamics /
- microscopic-system photoionization
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