Fabrication of synaptic memristor based on two-dimensional material MXene and realization of both long-term and short-term plasticity

Chen Yi-Hao; Xu Wei; Wang Yu-Qi; Wan Xiang; Li Yue-Feng; Liang Ding-Kang; Lu Li-Qun; Liu Xin-Wei; Lian Xiao-Juan; Hu Er-Tao; Guo Yu-Feng; Xu Jian-Guang; Tong Yi; Xiao Jian

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20182306

Abstract

Compared with conventional computation relying on the von Neumann architecture, brain-inspired computing has shown superior strength in various cognitive tasks. It has been generally accepted that information in the brain is represented and formed by vastly interconnected synapses. So the physical implementation of electronic synaptic devices is crucial to the development of brain-based computing systems. Among a large number of electronic synaptic devices, the memristors have attracted significant attention due to its simple structure and similarities to biological synapses. In this work, we first use two-dimensional material MXene as a resistive material and fabricate an electronic synapse based on a Cu/MXene/SiO₂/W memristor. By using the unique properties of MXene, the conductance of the memristor can be modulated by the accumulation or reflux of Cu²⁺ at the physical switching layer, which can vividly simulate the mechanism of bio-synapses. Experimental results show that the Cu/MXene/SiO₂/W memristor not only achieves stable bipolar analog resistance switching but also shows excellent long-term and short-term synaptic behaviors, including paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and long-term potential/depression. By adjusting the pulse interval, the PPF index will change accordingly. In a biological system, the short-term plasticity is considered to be the key point for performing computational functions while the long-term plasticity is believed to underpin learning and memory functions. This work indicates that Cu/MXene/SiO₂/W memristor with both long-term and short-term plasticity will have great application prospects for brain-inspired intelligence in the future.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China

Corresponding author: Tong Yi, tongyi@njupt.edu.cn ; Xiao Jian, xiaoj@njupt.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61704088, 61874059), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2018M642290), the Open Fund of National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, China (Grant No. KFJJ20170101), the Provincial Key Talent Project of Education Department of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant Nos. SZDG2018007, TJ218001), and the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Foundation, China (Grant No. NY217116).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 (a) Cu/MXene/SiO₂/W忆阻器结构示意图; (b) MXene的SEM照片; (c) 器件电铸I-V 曲线; (d) 器件Set/Reset的I-V曲线

Figure 1. (a) Device structures of the Cu/MXene/SiO₂/W memristor; (b) SEM images of the MXene; (c) I-V curve of electroforming process; (d) I-V curve of Set/Reset process

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) 连续正向电压扫描下模拟特性I-V曲线; (b) 正向扫描电导与扫描次数的关系; (c) 连续负向电压扫描下模拟特性I-V曲线; (d) 负向扫描电导与扫描次数的关系

Figure 2. (a) Analog I-V curves under consecutive positive sweep voltage; (b) relationship between conductivity and scanning number under consecutive positive sweep voltage; (c) analog I-V curves under consecutive negative sweep voltage; (d) relationship between conductivity and scanning number under consecutive negative sweep voltage.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 在连续正向和负向三角尖峰脉冲下, 器件电导的变化趋势

Figure 3. Variation trend of conductance of the device with the continuous positive and negative voltage spike.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a) 两个连续脉冲刺激作用下的PPF特性曲线; (b) PPF 指数与脉冲时间间隔的关系

Figure 4. (a) PPF characteristic curve under two continuous pulse stimuli; (b) relationship between the PPF index and pulse interval.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 Cu/MXene/SiO₂/W忆阻器生物响应机理　(a)正偏压下Cu²⁺的扩散与迁移运动; (b)负偏压下Cu²⁺的扩散与迁移运动; (c)撤去偏压, 电导丝的自主破灭; (d)残余电导丝与新形成的电导丝

Figure 5. Synapse-like mechanism of Cu/MXene/SiO₂/W memristor: (a) Diffusion and migration of Cu²⁺ under positive voltage; (b) diffusion and migration of Cu²⁺ under negative voltage; (c) spontaneous rupture of conductive filament when the voltage is removed; (d) residual conductive filaments and newly formed conductive filaments.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Chen Y H, Yu H Y, Gong J D, Ma M X, Han H, Wei H H, Xu W T 2019 Nanotechnology 30 012001 Google Scholar
[2]	Mead C 1990 Proc. IEEE 78 1629
[3]	Zhao Y H, Jie J 2018 J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 18 8003 Google Scholar
[4]	梁定康, 陈义豪, 徐威, 吉新村, 童祎, 吴国栋 2018 物理学报 67 237302 Google Scholar Liang D K, Chen Y H, Xu W, Ji X C, Tong Y, Wu G D 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 237302 Google Scholar
[5]	Dmitri B S, Gregory S S, Duncan R S, Williams R S 2008 Nature 453 80 Google Scholar
[6]	Jeong H, Shi L P 2019 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 52 023003
[7]	Waser R, Dittmann R, Staikov G, Kristof S 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 2632 Google Scholar
[8]	余志强, 刘敏丽, 郎建勋, 钱楷, 张昌华 2018 物理学报 67 157302 Google Scholar Yu Z Q, Liu M L, Lang J X, Qian K, Zhang C H 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 157302 Google Scholar
[9]	Chang T, Jo S H, Lu W 2011 ACS Nano 5 7669 Google Scholar
[10]	Kim M K, Lee J S 2018 ACS Nano 12 1680
[11]	Hirano T 2018 Cerebellum 17 756 Google Scholar
[12]	Wang C H, He W, Tong Y, Zhao R 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 22970 Google Scholar
[13]	Wang Z Q, Xu H Y, Li X H, Yu H, Liu Y C, Zhu X J 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 2759
[14]	Zhang X M, Liu S, Zhao X L, Wu F C, Wu Q T, Wang W, Cao R R, Fang Y L, Lv H B, Long S B, Liu Q, Liu M 2017 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 38 1208 Google Scholar
[15]	Wang F, Ke S l, Qin C Z, Wang B, Long H, Wang K, Lu P X 2018 Opt. Laser Technol. 103 272 Google Scholar
[16]	Sun D, Ye D L, Liu P, Tang Y G, Guo J, Wang L Z, Wang H Y 2018 Adv. Energy Mater. 8 1702383 Google Scholar
[17]	Cai Z Y, Liu B L, Zou X L, Cheng H M 2018 Chem. Rev. 118 6091 Google Scholar
[18]	吴全潭, 时拓, 赵晓龙, 张续猛, 伍法才, 曹荣荣, 龙世兵, 吕杭炳, 刘琦, 刘明 2017 物理学报 66 217304 Google Scholar Wu Q T, Shi T, Zhao X L, Zhang X M, Wu F C, Cao R R, Long S B, Lv H B, Liu Q, Liu M 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 217304 Google Scholar
[19]	Liu C Y, Zhang Y X, Yang C P 2017 Sensors Mater. 30 463 Google Scholar
[20]	Wang M, Cai S H, Pan C, Wang C Y, Lian X J, Zhuo Y, Xu K, Cao T J, Pan X Q, Wang B G, Liang S J, Yang J J, Wang P, Miao F 2018 Nat. Electron. 1 130
[21]	Voigt C A, Ghidiu M, Natu V, Barsoum M W 2018 J. Phys. Chem. C 122 23172
[22]	Shahzad F, Alhabeb M, Hatter C B, Anasori B, Hong S M, Koo C M, Gogotsi Y 2016 Science 353 1137 Google Scholar
[23]	Wu Y T, Nie P, Wu L Y, Dou H, Zhang X G 2018 Chem. Eng. J. 334 932
[24]	Jiang X T, Liu S X, Liang W Y, Luo S J, He Z L, Ge Y Q, Wang H D, Cao R, Zhang F, Wen Q, Li J Q, Bao Q L, Fan D Y, Zhang H 2018 Laser Photon. Rev. 12 1700229
[25]	Zhao X L, Liu S, Niu J B, Liao L, Liu Q, Xiao X H, Lv H B, Long S B, Banerjee W, Li W Q, Si S Y, Liu M 2017 Small 13 1603948 Google Scholar
[26]	Zhao X L, Ma J, Xiao X H, Liu Q, Shao L, Chen D, Liu S, Niu J B, Zhang X M, Wang Y, Cao R R, Wang W, Di Z F, Lv H B, Long S B, Liu M 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1705193
[27]	Scott T, Salvatore A, Woo P, Lee Y Y, Salvati E A, Della Valle A G 2018 J. Arthroplast. 33 1120 Google Scholar
[28]	Tempia F, Hoxha E, Negro G, Alshammari M A, Alshammari T K, Panova-Elektronova N, Laezza F 2015 Front. Cell. Neurosci. 9 205
[29]	Liu S L, Friel D D 2008 J. Physiol.-London 586 4501
[30]	Yang J J, Miao F, Pickett M D, Ohlberg D A A, Stewart D R, Lau C N, Williams R S 2009 Nanotechnology 20 215201
[31]	Liu D Q, Cheng H F, Zhu X, Wang G, Wang N N 2013 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 11258
[32]	Liu Q, Zhang X M, Luo Q, Zhao X L, Lv H B, Long S B, Liu M 2018 Sci. China: Phys. Mech. Astron. 61 088711
[33]	Suk J W, Kitt A, Magnuson C W, Hao Y, Ahmed S, An J, Swan A K, Boldberg B B, Ruoff R S 2011 ACS Nano 5 6916 Google Scholar

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