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Micro-beam radio-frequency (RF) capacitive discharges have been widely used in the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of nanocrystalline particles such as nano silicon crystal. However, the plasma column shrinks radially at a sufficiently high gas pressures as manifested by their glow not entirely filling the radial cross-section of the discharge tube. This greatly limits the dissociation rate of gas in plasma. In order to obtain the information about the plasma column varying with gas pressure, the formation of different gas discharge mode under different pressure is discussed. In this paper the spatial characteristics of micro-beam RF capacitive discharges are investigated by using an intensified charged-coupled device (ICCD) and a single lens reflex camera (SLR camera). Furthermore, high voltage probe and current probe are used to record the electrical characteristics of the high voltage electrode. The results indicate that in a pure argon discharge, the discharge mode evolves from a glow discharge into a filament discharge with the increase of pressure. As the pressure continues to increase, the filament is split: a single channel of plasma is split into two or more filaments at a certain gas pressure. However, the glow discharge in a mixture of 99% argon and 1% hydrogen at a low pressure is observed: the plasma spreads throughout the tube. As the pressure increases, the filament disappears, and the plasma column still can be observed in the center of quartz tube. The glow shrinks in the radial center at a moderate pressure. At a high pressure, the "annulus" glow discharge is achieved as manifested by a glow ring on the surface of the discharge tube. In addition, in pure hydrogen discharges, the discharge mode evolves from the full-space glow discharge into an "annulus" glow discharge with pressure increasing. Finally, through the interaction between the electron heating by the radio frequency electric field and heat conduction of gas, the filament discharge in a low thermal conduction gas is explained. In addition, special attention is paid to the pure argon filamentation, which is the splitting of a single channel of plasma into two or more smaller filaments as a result of the skin effect.
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Keywords:
- radio-frequency capacitively coupled micro-beam plasmas /
- experimental diagnoses /
- mode transition
[1] 韩传余, 吴瑜, 王守国 2010 科技导报 20 93
Google Scholar
Han C Y, Wu Y, Wang S G 2010 Sci. Technol. Rev. 20 93
Google Scholar
[2] Mangolini L, Thimsen E, Kortshagen U 2005 Nano Lett. 5 655
Google Scholar
[3] Jurbergs D, Rogojina E, Mangolini L, Kortshagen U 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 233116
Google Scholar
[4] Kortshagen U 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 113001
Google Scholar
[5] Gresback R, Holman Z, Kortshagen U 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 093119
Google Scholar
[6] Gresback R, Hue R, Gladfelter W, Kortshage U 2011 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6 68
Google Scholar
[7] Gresback R, Nozaki T, Okazaki K 2011 Nanotechnology 22 305605
Google Scholar
[8] Shen P, Uesawa N, Inasawa S, Yamaguchi Y J 2010 Mater. Chem. 20 1669
Google Scholar
[9] Djermanova N, Grozev D, Kirov K, Makasheva K, Shivarova A, Tsvetkov Ts 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 86 738
Google Scholar
[10] Kabouzi Y, Calzada M D, Moisan M, Tran K C, Trassy C 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 1008
Google Scholar
[11] Kabouzi Y, Moisan M, Rostaing J C, Trassy C, Guérin D, Kéroack D, Zakrzewski Z 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 9483
Google Scholar
[12] D B Ogle, G A Woolsey 1987 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 20 453
Google Scholar
[13] Maximov A V, Schlüter H 1999 Phys. Scr. 60 556
Google Scholar
[14] Chen Z, Yin Z, Huang Y, Stepanova O, Gutsev S, Kudryavtsev A A 2015 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 43 906
Google Scholar
[15] Chen Z, Xia G, Zhou Q, Hu Y, Zheng X, Zheng Z, Hong L, Li P, Huang Y, Liu M 2012 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 084701
Google Scholar
[16] Yanguas-Gil A, Focke K, Benedikt J, Keudell A V 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 103307
Google Scholar
[17] Hong Y C, Uhm H S, Yi W J 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 051504
Google Scholar
[18] Mckay K, Iza F, Kong M G 2010 Eur. Phys. J. D 60 497
Google Scholar
[19] Sands B L, Ganguly B N, Tachibana K 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 151503
Google Scholar
[20] Urabe K, Ito Y, Sakai O, Tachibana K 2010 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 49 106001
Google Scholar
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图 1 实验装置示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup.
图 2 500 V放电时, 不同气压下氩气等离子体的轴向分布图
Figure 2. Axial distributions of argon plasmas for different pressures at 500 V.
图 3 500 V放电时, 不同气压下氩气等离子体的径向分布图
Figure 3. Radial distributions of argon plasmas for different pressures at 500 V.
图 4 500 V放电时, 不同气压下99%氩/1%氢混合气体等离子体的轴向分布图
Figure 4. Axial distributions of argon/hydrogen (99%/1%) plasmas for different pressures at 500 V.
图 5 500 V放电时, 不同气压下99%氩/1%氢混合气体等离子体的径向分布图
Figure 5. Radial distributions of argon/hydrogen (99%/1%) plasmas for different pressures at 500 V.
图 6 500 V放电时, 不同气压下氢气等离子体的轴向分布图
Figure 6. Axial distributions of hydrogen plasmas for different pressures at 500 V.
图 7 500 V放电时, 不同气压下氢气等离子体的径向分布图
Figure 7. Radial distributions of hydrogen plasmas for different pressures at 500 V.
图 8 不同电压下, 氩气放电中射频电流(峰峰值)随着气压的变化曲线 (a)
$1 \times {10^3}$ Pa辉光放电; (b) 出现双通道丝状放电的临界点; (c) 出现三通道丝状放电的临界点; (d) 等离子体收缩在两个电极之间的临界点Figure 8. Evolution of radio-frequency current (peak-to-peak) with pressure in argon discharges for different voltages: (a) The glow discharge at
$1 \times {10^3}$ Pa; (b) the occurrence of double-channel filament discharge; (c) the occurrence of three-channel filament discharge; (d) the plasma contraction between two electrodes.
图 10 不同电压下, 氢气等离子体射频电流(峰峰值)随着气压的变化曲线 (a)
$1 \times {10^2}$ Pa辉光放电; (b) 等离子体收缩在两个电极间的临界点; (c) 等离子体熄灭前Figure 10. Evolution of radio-frequency current (peak-to-peak) with pressure in hydrogen discharges for different voltages: (a) The glow discharge at
$1 \times {10^2}$ Pa; (b) the plasma contraction between two electrodes; (c) the plasma extinction.
图 9 不同电压下, 99%氩/1%氢混合气体放电射频电流(峰峰值)随着气压的变化曲线 (a)
$5 \times {10^2}$ Pa辉光放电; (b) 等离子体收缩在两个电极间的临界点; (c) 等离子体熄灭前Figure 9. Evolution of radio-frequency current (peak-to-peak) with pressure in argon/hydrogen (99%/1%) discharges for different voltages: (a) The glow discharge at
$5 \times {10^2}$ Pa; (b) the plasma contraction between two electrodes; (c) the plasma extinction. -
[1] 韩传余, 吴瑜, 王守国 2010 科技导报 20 93
Google Scholar
Han C Y, Wu Y, Wang S G 2010 Sci. Technol. Rev. 20 93
Google Scholar
[2] Mangolini L, Thimsen E, Kortshagen U 2005 Nano Lett. 5 655
Google Scholar
[3] Jurbergs D, Rogojina E, Mangolini L, Kortshagen U 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 233116
Google Scholar
[4] Kortshagen U 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 113001
Google Scholar
[5] Gresback R, Holman Z, Kortshagen U 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 093119
Google Scholar
[6] Gresback R, Hue R, Gladfelter W, Kortshage U 2011 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6 68
Google Scholar
[7] Gresback R, Nozaki T, Okazaki K 2011 Nanotechnology 22 305605
Google Scholar
[8] Shen P, Uesawa N, Inasawa S, Yamaguchi Y J 2010 Mater. Chem. 20 1669
Google Scholar
[9] Djermanova N, Grozev D, Kirov K, Makasheva K, Shivarova A, Tsvetkov Ts 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 86 738
Google Scholar
[10] Kabouzi Y, Calzada M D, Moisan M, Tran K C, Trassy C 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 1008
Google Scholar
[11] Kabouzi Y, Moisan M, Rostaing J C, Trassy C, Guérin D, Kéroack D, Zakrzewski Z 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 9483
Google Scholar
[12] D B Ogle, G A Woolsey 1987 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 20 453
Google Scholar
[13] Maximov A V, Schlüter H 1999 Phys. Scr. 60 556
Google Scholar
[14] Chen Z, Yin Z, Huang Y, Stepanova O, Gutsev S, Kudryavtsev A A 2015 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 43 906
Google Scholar
[15] Chen Z, Xia G, Zhou Q, Hu Y, Zheng X, Zheng Z, Hong L, Li P, Huang Y, Liu M 2012 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 084701
Google Scholar
[16] Yanguas-Gil A, Focke K, Benedikt J, Keudell A V 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 103307
Google Scholar
[17] Hong Y C, Uhm H S, Yi W J 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 051504
Google Scholar
[18] Mckay K, Iza F, Kong M G 2010 Eur. Phys. J. D 60 497
Google Scholar
[19] Sands B L, Ganguly B N, Tachibana K 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 151503
Google Scholar
[20] Urabe K, Ito Y, Sakai O, Tachibana K 2010 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 49 106001
Google Scholar
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