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Optical encryption technologies show significant application potential in information security due to their advantages of parallel processing, large capacity, and low power consumption. Polarization, as an important degree of freedom of light, has attracted extensive research interest in optical encryption through polarization manipulation and multiplexing. However, current polarization control methods based on pixelated or interleaved metasurfaces still face significant challenges, including fabrication complexity and inevitable crosstalk resulting from coupling between the neighboring structures, which limit the number of achievable multiplexing channels. In this work, we propose a novel encryption approach based on longitudinally tunable, and cascaded polarization structures enabled by metalenses with vectorial foci. The intensity distributions on different observation planes are simulated using the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction integral. Based on the geometric phase principle, the designed metalens consisting of TiO2 nanopillars with identical dimensions but spatially variant orientation angles, can generate multiple vectorial foci at distinct observation planes and reconstructs cascaded polarization structures. Here, any two cascaded polarization structures are encoded with mutually orthogonal polarization rotation angles. As the polarization direction of incident linearly polarized light changes, the polarization distribution encoded on the polarization structures can be dynamically modulated, consequently enabling ten-channel information encryption through polarizationdependent intensity redistribution. The encrypted information can only be decoded using the correct keys (incident wavelength, incident polarization state, output light polarization state, and observation position). This method integrates polarization rotation, polarization structure design, and longitudinal/cascaded control, significantly enhancing information capacity and security. It holds promising applications across diverse domains including optical display, encryption, and anti-counterfeiting.
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Keywords:
- metalens /
- dielectric metasurface /
- polarization manipulation /
- optical encryption
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