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The atomic arrangement of metallic glasses lacks long-range periodicity, displaying structural characteristics of an amorphous state. Their unique structural features lead to research methods that differ from traditional metallic crystalline materials, focusing mainly on two scales: one class at the macroscopic scale investigating glass-forming ability and mechanical behavior through alloy design, thermodynamic parameters, and other means; the other class at the atomic scale studying medium- to short-range orders of metallic glass through computational simulations and diffraction techniques. There is over a seven-order magnitude difference between the scales of these two methods, making it difficult to establish a direct quantitative relationship between the two, necessitating a structural feature that can connect atomic configurations with macroscopic properties at a mesoscopic scale. With the advancement of characterization techniques for amorphous structures, metallic glasses have been found to exhibit nanoscale and microscale spatial heterogeneity above medium- and short-range orders, with their scale falling between macroscopic and atomic scales. This article will introduce experimental characterization methods for spatial heterogeneity, focus on the electron microscopic characterization methods of spatial heterogeneity and local atomic orders, and discuss their intrinsic correlations with macroscopic properties such as β-relaxation behavior, mechanical behavior, thermodynamic stability, and glass-forming ability. As a structural feature of metallic glasses at the mesoscopic scale, spatial heterogeneity can serve as a link connecting the atomic medium- to short-range orders with macroscopic properties.
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Keywords:
- metallic glass /
- glass structure /
- glass property /
- spatial heterogeneity
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