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非局域量子纠缠是未来量子网络的一种核心资源.局域产生的量子纠缠在通过量子信道传输时呈现指数衰减的分发效率,大幅降低了量子网络节点之间生成非局域量子纠缠的效率.该问题在涉及多对非局域量子纠缠的实际量子技术中将进一步加剧.空间多模、时间多模以及频率多模等经典多模技术在一定程度上加快了非局域量子纠缠的生成速率,但并未提升单次信道传输效率.量子多模技术基于单光子的高维编码,能够在一次量子信道传输中,在量子网络节点间同时生成多对非局域量子纠缠.因此,量子多模有望提升涉及多对非局域量子纠缠的实际量子技术的性能.本综述将介绍基于量子多模的非局域量子纠缠生成机制,讨论基于高维单光子传输和高维双光子纠缠分发的量子多模技术在实现非局域量子纠缠中的特点,分析量子多模在加速非局域量子逻辑纠缠生成中的应用,并展望其在构建大规模量子网络中的潜在优势.Nonlocal quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for future quantum networks. However, the efficiency of generating nonlocal entanglement between distant nodes is severely limited by the exponential loss incurred when locally generated entangled states are distributed through lossy quantum channels. This limitation becomes more pronounced in practical scenarios requiring the simultaneous distribution of multiple entangled pairs. While classical multiplexing approaches, such as spatial, temporal, and frequency multiplexing, can increase the nonlocal entanglement generation rate, they do not improve the single-shot transmission efficiency. In contrast, quantum multiplexing, enabled by high-dimensional encoding of single photons, allows the parallel generation of multiple nonlocal entangled pairs in a single transmission round, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of nonlocal entanglement generation. Quantum multiplexing thus offers a promising route toward scalable quantum networks. This review introduces the mechanisms for generating nonlocal entanglement using quantum multiplexing. It focuses on two main approaches using high-dimensional single-photon encoding and high-dimensional biphoton entanglement distribution, respectively. It then examines how quantum multiplexing can accelerate the generation of nonlocal quantum logical entanglement. Finally, it briefly explores the potential of quantum multiplexing for building large-scale quantum networks.
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Keywords:
- quantum networks /
- quantum multiplexing /
- high-dimensional photon /
- parallel quantum entanglement
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