Cu2O/ZnO氧化物异质结太阳电池的研究进展

陈新亮; 陈莉; 周忠信; 赵颖; 张晓丹

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20172037

摘要

介绍了近年来低成本Cu2O/ZnO氧化物异质结太阳电池方面的研究进展.应用于光伏器件的吸收层材料Cu2O是直接带隙半导体材料，天然呈现p型；其原材料丰富，且对环境友好.Cu2O/ZnO异质结太阳电池结构主要有平面结构和纳米线/纳米棒结构.纳米结构的Cu2O太阳电池提高了器件的电荷收集作用；通过热氧化Cu片技术获得的具有大晶粒尺寸平面结构Cu2O吸收层在Cu2O/ZnO太阳电池应用中展现出了高质量特性.界面缓冲层（如i-ZnO，a-ZTO，Ga2O3等）和背表面电场（如p+-Cu2O层等）可有效地提高界面处能级匹配和增强载流子输运.10 nm厚度的Ga2O3提供了近理想的导带失配，减少了界面复合；Ga2O3非常适合作为界面层，其能够有效地提高Cu2O基太阳电池的开路电压Voc（可达到1.2 V）和光电转换效率.p+-Cu2O（如Cu2O：N和Cu2O：Na）能够减少器件中背接触电阻和形成电子反射的背表面电场（抑制电子在界面处复合）.利用p型Na掺杂Cu2O（Cu2O：Na）作为吸收层和Zn1-xGex-O作为n型缓冲层，Cu2O异质结太阳电池（器件结构：MgF2/ZnO：Al/Zn0.38Ge0.62-O/Cu2O：Na）光电转换效率达8.1%.氧化物异质结太阳电池在光伏领域展现出极大的发展潜力.

关键词:

Cu2O/ZnO /
缓冲层 /
异质结 /
太阳电池

Abstract

Recent progress of low cost Cu2O/ZnO hetero-junction solar cells is reviewed in this paper. The Cu2O used as an absorbing layer in photovoltaic cells is a direct bandgap semiconductor, exhibiting natural p-type conductivity. The source material of Cu2O-based solar cells is abundant and environmentally friendly. The main device structure of Cu2O/ZnO solar cells presents a planar and nano-wire/nano-rod configuration. The nanostructured Cu2O architecture conduces to charge collection in the device. The planar Cu2O absorbing layer with large grain size, achieved through the thermal oxidation of Cu sheets, exhibits high quality of the Cu2O/ZnO solar cells. The interface buffer layer (like i-ZnO, a-ZTO and Ga2O3) and back surface field (BSF, such as p+-Cu2O) can effectively improve energy band alignment match and increase carrier transport. The Cu2O paired with a 10-nm-thick Ga2O3 layer provides a nearly ideal conduction band offset and thus reduces the interface recombination. The Ga2O3 is a highly suitable buffer layer for enhancing the Voc (Voc value reaches 1.2 V) and conversion efficiency of Cu2O-based solar cells. The p+-Cu2O like N-doped Cu2O (Cu2O:N) and Na-doped Cu2O (Cu2O:Na) can reduce back-contact resistance and create an electron-reflecting back surface field in the Cu2O based solar cells. When a p-type Cu2O: Na acts as an absorbing layer and a zinc-germanium-oxide (Zn1-xGex-O) thin film is used as an n-type layer (buffer), Cu2O hetero-junction solar cell with the device structure MgF2/Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al)/Zn0.38Ge0.62-O/Cu2O:Na shows an efficiency of 8.1%. The oxide hetero-junction solar cells have a great potential application in the future photovoltaic field.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
南开大学, 光电子薄膜器件与技术研究所, 光电子薄膜器件与技术天津市重点实验室, 天津 300071

通信作者: 陈新亮, cxlruzhou@163.com

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划（批准号：2011CBA00706，2011CBA00707）和天津市重点自然科学基金（批准号：13JCZDJC26900）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Institute of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

Corresponding author: Chen Xin-Liang, cxlruzhou@163.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2011CBA00706, 2011CBA00707) and the Key Program of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 13JCZDJC26900).

参考文献

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[49]	Hsueh T J, Hsu C L, Chang S J, Guo P W, Hsiehc J H, Chen I C 2007 Scripta Mater. 57 53
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[56]	Liu Y, Turley H K, Tumbleston J R, Samulski E T, Lopez R Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 162105
[57]	Musselman K P, Levskaya Y, MacManus-Driscoll J L 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 253503
[58]	Takiguchi Y, Miyajima S 2015 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54 112303
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[60]	Wei H, Li D, Zheng X, Meng Q 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 018808
[61]	Minami T, Miyata T, Nishi Y 2014 Thin Solid Films 559 105
[62]	Minami T, Miyata T, Nishi Y 2014 Sol. Energy 105 206
[63]	Li J, Mei Z, Liu L, Liang H, Azarov A, Kuznetsov A, Liu Y, Ji A, Meng Q, Du X 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 7240
[64]	Mitroi M R, Ninulescu V, Fara L 2017 Int J. Photo- energy 2017 7284367

施引文献

[1]	Zhao J, Wang A, Green M A 1999 Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 7 471
[2]	Nelson J (translated by Gao Y) 2011 The Physics of Solar Cells (Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University Press) pp148-206 (in Chinese) [纳尔逊J 著(高扬译) 2011 太阳能电池物理 (上海: 上海交通大学出版社) 第148206页]
[3]	Green M A 2002 Physica E 14 65
[4]	Shah A 2004 Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 12 113
[5]	Yan B, Yue G, Sivec L, Yang J, Guha S, Jiang C S 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 113512
[6]	Jackson P, Hariskos D, Lotter E, Paetel S, Wuerz R, Menner R, Wischmann W, Powalla M 2011 Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 19 894
[7]	Wu X 2004 Sol. Energy 77 803
[8]	Akimoto K, Ishizuka S, Yanagita M, Nawa Y, Goutam Paul K, Sakurai T 2006 Sol. Energy 80 715
[9]	Henry C H 1980 J. Appl. Phys. 51 4494
[10]	Xie J, Guo C, Li C 2013 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15 15905
[11]	Hsueh T J, Hsu C L, Chang S J, Guo P W, Hsieh J H, Chen I C 2007 Scripta Mater. 57 53
[12]	Tanaka H, Shimakawa T, Miyata T, Sato H, Minami T 2005 Appl. Surf. Sci. 244 568
[13]	Mittiga A, Salza E, Sarto F, Tucci M, Vasanthi R 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 163502
[14]	Minami T, Nishi Y, Miyata T, Nomoto J 2011 Appl. Phys. Express 4 062301
[15]	Ishizuka S, Suzuki K, Okamoto Y, Yanagita M, Sakurai T, Akimoto K, Fujiwara N, Kobayashi H, Matsubara K, Niki S 2004 Phys. Status Solidi C 1 1067
[16]	Lv P, Zheng W, Lin L, Peng F, Huang Z, Lai F 2011 Physica B 406 1253
[17]	Terence K S W, Siarhei Z, Saeid M P, Goutam K D 2016 Materials 9 271
[18]	Raebiger H, Lany S, Zunger A 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 045209
[19]	Papadimitriou L, Economou N A, Trivich D 1981 Sol. Cells 3 73
[20]	Ishizuka S, Kato S, Okamoto Y, Akimoto K 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 950
[21]	Ishizuka S, Akimoto K 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 4920
[22]	Kikuchi N, Tonooka K 2005 Thin Solid Films 486 33
[23]	Ishizuka S, Kato S, Maruyama T, Akimoto T 2001 Jpn. Appl. Phys. 40 2765
[24]	Malerba C, Ricardo C L A, DIncau M, Biccari F, Scardi P, Mittiga A 2012 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 105 192
[25]	Huang Q, Wang L, Bi X 2013 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46 505101
[26]	Pu C Y, Li H J, Tang X, Zhang Q Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 047104(in Chinese) [濮春英, 李洪婧, 唐鑫, 张庆瑜 2012 物理学报 61 047104]
[27]	Mller J, Rech B, Springer J, Vanecek M 2004 Sol. Energy 77 917
[28]	Fay S, Feitknecht L, Schluchter R, Kroll U, Vallat-Sauvain E, Shah A 2006 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90 2960
[29]	Chen L 2017 M. S. Dissertation (Tianjin: Nankai University) (in Chinese) [陈莉 2017 硕士学位论文 (天津: 南开大学)]
[30]	Luo Y P 2012 M. S. Dissertation (Hangzhou: Zhejiang University) (in Chinese) [罗业萍 2012 硕士学位论文 (杭州: 浙江大学)]
[31]	Hame Y, San S E 2004 Sol. Energy 77 291
[32]	Han K, Tao M 2009 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93 153
[33]	Li S S 2015 M. S. Dissertation (Chengdu: Xinan Jiaotong University) (in Chinese) [李思思 2015 硕士学位论文 (成都: 西南交通大学)]
[34]	McShane C M, Siripala W P, Choi K S 2010 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1 2666
[35]	Olsen L C, Bohara R C, Urie M W 1979 Appl. Phys. Lett. 34 47
[36]	Fujimoto K, Oku T, Akiyama T, Suzuki A 2013 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 433 012024
[37]	Izaki M, Shinagawa T, Mizuno K T, Ida Y, Inaba M, Tasaka A 2007 J. Phys. D 40 3326
[38]	Tanaka H, Shimakawa T, Miyata T, Sato H, Minami T 2005 Appl. Surf. Sci. 244 568
[39]	Wilson S S, Bosco J P, Tolstova Y, Scanlon D O, Watson G W, Atwater H A 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 3606
[40]	Akimoto K, Ishizuka S, Yanagita M, Nawa Y, Paul G K, Sakurai T 2006 Sol. Energy 80 715
[41]	Nishi Y, Miyata T, Minami T 2013 Thin Solid Films 528 72
[42]	Minami T, Nishi Y, Miyata T 2013 Appl. Phys. Express 6 044101
[43]	Minami T, Nishi Y, Miyata T 2015 Appl. Phys. Express 8 022301
[44]	Minami T, Nishi Y, Miyata T 2016 Appl. Phys. Express 9 052301
[45]	Lee Y S, Heo J, Siah C S, Mailoa J P, Brandt R E, Kim S B, Lee S W, Gordon R G, Buonassisi T 2013 Energy Environ. Sci. 6 2112
[46]	Lee Y S, Chua D, Brandt R E, Siah S C, Li J V, Mailoa J P, Lee S W, Gordon R G, Buonassisi T 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 4704
[47]	Lee Y S, Heo J, Winkler M T, Siah S C, Kim S B, Gordon R G, Buonassisi T 2013 J. Mater. Chem. A 1 15416
[48]	Marin A T, Rojas D M, Iza D C, Gershon T, Musselman K P, MacManus-Driscoll J L 2013 Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 3413
[49]	Hsueh T J, Hsu C L, Chang S J, Guo P W, Hsiehc J H, Chen I C 2007 Scripta Mater. 57 53
[50]	Chen J W, Perng D C, Fang J F 2011 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 2471
[51]	Musselman K P, Wisnet A, Iza D C, Hesse H C, Scheu C, MacManus-Driscoll J L, Schmidt-Mende L 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 E254
[52]	Musselman K P, Marin A, Schmidt-Mende L, MacManus-Driscoll J L 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 2202
[53]	Wang L, Zhao Y, Wang G, Zhou H, Geng C, Wu C, Xu J 2014 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 130 387
[54]	Brittman S, Yoo Y, Dasgupta N P, Kim S, Kim B, Yang P 2014 Nano Lett. 14 4665
[55]	Yang T H 2015 Ph. D. Dissertation (Kaifeng: Henan University) (in Chinese) [杨同辉 2015 博士学位论文 (开封: 河南大学)]
[56]	Liu Y, Turley H K, Tumbleston J R, Samulski E T, Lopez R Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 162105
[57]	Musselman K P, Levskaya Y, MacManus-Driscoll J L 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 253503
[58]	Takiguchi Y, Miyajima S 2015 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54 112303
[59]	Liu D, Han D, Huang M, Zhang X, Zhang T, Dai C, Chen S 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 018806
[60]	Wei H, Li D, Zheng X, Meng Q 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 018808
[61]	Minami T, Miyata T, Nishi Y 2014 Thin Solid Films 559 105
[62]	Minami T, Miyata T, Nishi Y 2014 Sol. Energy 105 206
[63]	Li J, Mei Z, Liu L, Liang H, Azarov A, Kuznetsov A, Liu Y, Ji A, Meng Q, Du X 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 7240
[64]	Mitroi M R, Ninulescu V, Fara L 2017 Int J. Photo- energy 2017 7284367

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