有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料的本征稳定性

张钰; 周欢萍

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20190343

摘要

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率已逾 24%, 效率的飞速提升加之可低成本溶液法制备的市场优势, 使人们越来越期待钙钛矿太阳能电池的商业化. 目前钙钛矿太阳能电池商业化所面临最大的障碍是材料乃至器件的长期不稳定性, 这使其无法在使用寿命上与已商品化的硅基等太阳能电池匹敌. 本文从化学不稳定性和相不稳定性两个层面剖析了有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料本征不稳定性的问题, 并从组分设计及制备工艺等角度给出了提高钙钛矿太阳能电池器件稳定性的相关建议.

关键词:

杂化钙钛矿 /
本征稳定性

Abstract

The power conversion efficiency of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell has exceeded 24%. The rapid increase in efficiency coupled with its cost-effective fabrication has attracted tremendous attention toward the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. The biggest challenge that hinders the commercialization of perovskite solar cells is the long-term instability of materials and the corresponding devices, which cannot compete with other commercialized solar cells, such as Si cells, in terms of lifetime. The intrinsic instability of perovskite material itself is the most critical challenge faced by researchers. In this study, we discuss the intrinsic instability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials from the aspects of both chemical instability and phase instability. Suggestions for improving the stability of perovskite solar cell are provided from the perspective of composition design and fabrication process.

Keywords:

hybrid perovskite /
intrinsic stability

作者及机构信息

张钰,
周欢萍

北京大学工学院, 北京　100871

通信作者: 周欢萍, happy_zhou@pku.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 51722201, 51672008)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Corresponding author: Zhou Huan-Ping, happy_zhou@pku.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51722201, 51672008).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

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施引文献

图 1 MA⁺, FA⁺, Cs⁺, Rb⁺结构示意图^[18]

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of MA⁺, FA⁺, Cs⁺, Rb⁺^[18].

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图 2 RbCsFA三元钙钛矿太阳能电池最大功率点输出^[18]

Fig. 2. Maximum power point tracking of RbCsFA hybrid perovskite solar cells^[18].

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图 3 Eu³⁺/Eu²⁺催化消除铅、碘零价缺陷机理^[36]

Fig. 3. Proposed mechanism diagram of cyclically elimination of Pb⁰ and I⁰ defects and regeneration of Eu³⁺-Eu²⁺ metal ion pair^[36].

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图 4 PEA₂MA₂Pb₃I₁₀晶体结构示意图^[44]

Fig. 4. Crystal structure of PEA₂MA₂Pb₃I₁₀^[44].

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图 5 MAPbI₃中各类型点缺陷能级位置^[49]

Fig. 5. Calculated transition energy levels of point defects in MAPbI₃^[49].

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图 6 X射线荧光光谱显示出不同碱金属卤化物添加剂情况下的Br离子分布^[85]

Fig. 6. X-ray fluorescence mapping indicates heterogeneous distribution of Br as a function of alkali metal incorporation of the perovskite films^[85].

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图 7 (a) DMA掺杂薄膜与HI酸添加薄膜对比; (b) DMA掺杂薄膜与HI酸添加薄膜XRD对比; (c) DMA掺杂薄膜与DMF和HI反应所得产物DMAI的核磁共振对比^[87]

Fig. 7. Film properties and component studies: (a) Photographs, (b) XRD spectra, (c) nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the Cs_0.7DMA_0.3PbI₃ films and DMAI polycrystalline powder synthesized from DMF and HI^[87].

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有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料的本征稳定性