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Attributed to facile fabrication, low production costs and outstanding photoelectric properties, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have attracted widespread attention in recent years. In order to achieve better photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSCs, a series of TiO2 nanocomposite photoanodes co-doped with different amounts of hybrid SiO2@Au nanostructures and certain amount of graphene are prepared by a mechanical ball milling method. The influence of SiO2@Au nanostructures and graphene on the performance of the photoanodes and their DSCs were investigated. The Au nanoparticles can remarkably enhance the short-circuit current density (Jsc
) due to the local surface plasmon resonance effect of the noble metal nanoparticles. As a unique two-dimensional material, graphene has several amazing characteristics, such as high specific surface area and excellent conductivity. Studies showed that by introducing both SiO2@Au nanostructures and graphene, the light-absorbing, electron mobility and dye loading of the photoanodes were remarkably increased. Experimental results indicated that in comparison with those DSCs based with pure TiO2 photoanode, the DSCs with photoanodes incorporated with SiO2@Au nanostructures and graphene showed the optimal performance with short-circuit current density (Jsc ) of 15.59 mA/cm2 and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.68%, increasing significantly by 15.67% and 8.8%, respectively. This significant enhancement in Jsc and PCE of DSCs are mainly attributed to the increase in light-absorption and dye-loading of the photoanodes due to the hybrid SiO2@Au nanostructures and graphene. -
Keywords:
- hybrid SiO2@Au nanostructure /
- graphene /
- dye-sensitized solar cells
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图 1 (a) SiO2球TEM图; (b) SiO2@Au复合结构TEM图; (c) 金纳米颗粒EDS图; (d) 纯金纳米颗粒光吸收谱图
Figure 1. (a) TEM image of the SiO2 sphere; (b) TEM image of the SiO2@Au; (c) EDS image of the Au nanoparticles; (d) absorption spectra of pure Au nanoparticles.
图 2 SiO2@Au不同掺杂含量TiO2薄膜的紫外-可见光谱测试曲线 (a)吸收光谱; (b)漫反射光谱; (c)透射光谱; (d)染料脱吸附光谱
Figure 2. (a) UV-vis absorption spectra; (b) diffuse reflectance spectra; (c) transmittance spectra; (d) spectra of the dyes desorbed from the TiO2 films containing different amounts of SiO2@Au.
图 3 复合结构SiO2@Au不同掺杂含量相应的DSCs (a) J-V性能曲线; (b) 电化学阻抗谱
Figure 3. (a) J-V curves; (b) the Nyquist plots of EIS of the DSCs varying with the concentration of SiO2@Au.
表 1 不同光阳极的DSCs光电性能参数
Table 1. Photoelectric performance parameters of the DSCs with different photoanodes.
DSCs Jsc/mA·cm–2 Voc /mV FF η Pure 13.478 680 0.67 6.14 0.5% 15.436 678 0.58 6.07 1.0% 15.442 679 0.61 6.40 1.5% 15.59 680 0.63 6.68 2.0% 14.79 682 0.62 6.25 
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[1] Kong F T, Dai S Y, Wang K J 2007 Adv. Opto. Electron. 13 75384
[2] Hagfeldt A, Boschloo G, Sun L, Kloo L, Pettersson H 2010 Chem. Rev. 110 6595
Google Scholar
[3] Jena A, Mohanty S P, Kumar P, Naduvath J, Gondane V, Lekha P, Das J, Narula H K, Mallick S, Bhargava P 2012 T. Indian Ceram. Soc. 71 1
Google Scholar
[4] Zhang S, Yang X, Numata Y, Han L 2013 Energy Environ. Sci. 61 443
[5] O'regan B, Grätzel M 1991 Nature 1991 353
[6] Yin J F, Velayudham M, Bhattacharya D, Lin H C, Lu K L 2012 Coordin. Chem. Rev. 256 23
[7] Zhang Q, Cao G 2011 Nano Today 6 91
Google Scholar
[8] Chandiran A K, Comte P, Humphry-baker R, Kessler F, Yi C Y, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M 2013 Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 2775
Google Scholar
[9] Liu B, Aydil E S 2009 J. Am.Chem. Soc. 131 3985
Google Scholar
[10] Cozzoli P D, Kornowski A, Weller H 2003 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 14539
Google Scholar
[11] Qin X, Wang H C, Li J L, Chen Q 2015 Talanta 139 56
Google Scholar
[12] Gurvinder S, Antonius T J, Sulalit B, Sondre V, Jens-Petter A, Wilheim R G 2014 Appl. Surf. Sci. 311 780
Google Scholar
[13] Zhang L, Niu W X, Xu G B 2012 Nano Today 7 586
Google Scholar
[14] Sun Z H, Yang Z, Zhou J H, Yeung M H, Ni W H, Wu H K, Wang J F 2009 Angew. Chem. 48 2881
Google Scholar
[15] Chen H J, Shao L, Li Q, Wang J F 2013 Chem. Sov. Rev. 42 2679
Google Scholar
[16] Liu X L, Liang S, Nan F, Yang Z J, Yu X F, Zhou L, Hao Z H, Wang Q Q 2013 Nanoscale 5 5368
Google Scholar
[17] Tapan K S, Catherine J M 2004 J. Am. Chem. Soc 126 8648
Google Scholar
[18] Suljo L, Phillip C, David B I 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 1038
[19] Subramanian V, Wolf E E, Kamat P V 2003 J. Phys. Chem. B 107 7479
Google Scholar
[20] Subramanian V, Wolf E E, Kamat P V 2004 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 4943
Google Scholar
[21] Chen S, Ingran R S, Hostetler M J, Pietron J J, Murray R W, Schaaff T G 1998 Science 280 2098
Google Scholar
[22] Pietron J J, Hicks J F, Murray R W 1999 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 5565
Google Scholar
[23] Fang X L, Li M Y, Guo K M, Liu X L, Zhu Y D, Sebo B, Zhao X Z 2014 Sol. Energy 101 176
Google Scholar
[24] He Z M, Phan H, Liu J, Nguyen T Q, Tan T Y 2013 Adv. Mater. 5 6900
[25] Brown M D, Suteewong T, Kumar R S S, D’Innocenzo V, Petrozza A, Lee M M, Wiesner U, Snaith H 2011 Nano lett. 11 438
Google Scholar
[26] Du L C, Furube A, Yamamoto K, Hara K, Katoh R, Tachiya M 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C 113 6454
Google Scholar
[27] Hägglund C, Zäch M, Kasemo B 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 013113
Google Scholar
[28] Qi J F, Dang X N, Hammond P T, Belcher A M 2011 ACS Nano 5 7108
Google Scholar
[29] Geim A K 2009 Science 324 1530
Google Scholar
[30] Luoshan M D, Li M Y, Liu X L, Guo K M, Bai L H, Zhu Y D, Sun B L, Zhao X Z 2015 J. Power Sources 287 231
Google Scholar
[31] Luoshan M D, Bai L H, Bu C H, Liu X L, Zhu Y D, Guo K M, Jiang R H, Li M Y, Zhao X Z 2016 J. Power Sources 307 468
Google Scholar
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