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In recent years, the cathode materials of magnesium ion batteries have become a hot point of research, and the improvement of high-rate performance and cycle stability has become the main research goal. In this paper, sodium manganese oxide (Na0.55Mn2O4·1.5H2O) nanomaterial with a blended structure of nanowires and nanosheets is prepared by the hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the material are analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The variable rate charge-discharge curves and variable scan rate cyclic voltammetry curves are obtained by a battery tester and electrochemical workstation, respectively. The results show that the hydrothermal reaction time has significant effects on phase structure and morphology composition of the material. The nanosheets and nanowires in the sample form a closely blend by 72-h hydrothermal reaction (NMO-72), and the nanosheets effectively fill into the intersecting space of the nanowires. In this way, the tap density of the material is improved. More importantly, NMO-72 has higher discharge specific capacity and rate cycling performance. At a current density of 50 mA·g–1, the discharge specific capacity of NMO-72 reaches 229.1 mAh·g–1. At a current density of 1000 mA·g–1, the discharge specific capacity of the NMO-72 stabilizes at 81 mAh·g–1. When the current density returns to 50 mA·g–1 again, the discharge specific capacity remains stable at 164.7 mAh·g–1. Besides, the cyclic voltammetry test shows that the NMO-72 material has more excellent magnesium ion diffusion kinetic performance than other materials. Therefore, the NMO-72 material has more excellent reversible specific capacity, high rate performance and cycling stability.
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Keywords:
- aqueous Mg-ion batteries /
- cathode materials /
- sodium manganese oxides /
- electrochemical performance
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图 1 制备样品的XRD曲线
Figure 1. XRD curves of all samples.
图 2 制备样品的SEM照片 (a) NMO-60; (b) NMO-72; (c) NMO-84. 插图为局部放大的SEM照片
Figure 2. (a) NMO-60, (b) NMO-72 and (c) NMO-84 SEM images of all samples. The insets are the enlarged SEM images.
图 3 制备样品的EDS图片
Figure 3. EDS images of all samples.
图 4 制备样品在不同倍率下的充放电循环性能
Figure 4. Charge-discharge cycling performance of all samples at different rates.
图 5 不同倍率下的充放电曲线 (a) NMO-60; (b) NMO-72; (c) NMO-84
Figure 5. Charge-discharge curves at different rates: (a) NMO-60; (b) NMO-72; (c) NMO-84.
图 6 不同扫描速率下的循环伏安曲线 (a) NMO-60; (b) NMO-72
Figure 6. CV curves of (a) NMO-60 and (b) NMO-72 at various scan rates.
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[1] Muldoon J, Bucur C B, Gregory T 2014 Chem. Rev. 114 11683
Google Scholar
[2] Huie M M, Bock D C, Takeuchi E S, Marschilok A C, Takeuchi K J 2015 Coord. Chem. Rev. 287 15
Google Scholar
[3] 刘文龙, 黄可贤, 周学俊, 李驰麟 2020 硅酸盐学报 48 978
Google Scholar
Liu W L, Huang K X, Zhou X J, Li C L 2020 J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 48 978
Google Scholar
[4] 刘凡凡, 王田甜, 范丽珍 2020 硅酸盐学报 48 947
Google Scholar
Liu F F, Wang T T, Fan L Z 2020 J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 48 947
Google Scholar
[5] 苏硕剑, 努丽燕娜, 非路热·吐尔逊, 杨军, 王久林 2015 物理化学学报 31 111
Google Scholar
Su S J, Nuli Y N, Feilure T, Yang J, Wang J L 2015 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 31 111
Google Scholar
[6] Song J, Sahadeo E, Noked M, Lee S B 2016 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7 1736
Google Scholar
[7] Xu M, Lei S, Qi J, Dou Q, Liu L, Lu Y, Huang Q, Shi S, Yan X 2018 ACS Nano 12 3733
Google Scholar
[8] Xu C, Chen Y, Shi S, Li J, Kang F, Su D 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 14120
Google Scholar
[9] Zhang Y, Liu G, Zhang C, Chi Q, Zhang T, Feng Y, Zhu K, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Cao D 2020 Chem. Eng. J. 392 123652
Google Scholar
[10] Pan H, Shao Y, Yan P, Cheng Y, Han K S, Nie Z, Wang C, Yang J, Li X, Bhattacharya P, Mueller K T, Liu J 2016 Nat. Energy 1 16039
Google Scholar
[11] Liang Y, Jing Y, Gheytani S, Lee K Y, Liu P, Facchetti A, Yao Y 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 841
Google Scholar
[12] Zhang H, Ye K, Zhu K, Cang R, Wang X, Wang G, Cao D 2017 ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 5 6727
Google Scholar
[13] Arthur T S, Zhang R, Ling C, Glans P A, Fan X, Guo J, Mizuno F 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 7004
Google Scholar
[14] Liu G, Chi Q, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Zhang C, Zhu K, Cao D 2018 Chem. Commun. 54 9474
Google Scholar
[15] Liu M, Jain A, Rong Z, Qu X, Canepa P, Malik R, Ceder G, Persson K A 2016 Energy Environ. Sci. 9 3201
Google Scholar
[16] Saha P, Jampani P H, Datta M K, Hong D, Gattu B, Patel P, Kadakia K S, Manivannan A, Kumta P N 2017 Nano Res. 10 4415
Google Scholar
[17] NuLi Y, Yang J, Li Y, Wang J 2010 Chem. Commun. 46 3794
Google Scholar
[18] 李卓, 宁哲, 刘坤, 王一雍, 韩露, 路金林 2017 中国冶金 27 1
Google Scholar
Li Z, Ning Z, Liu K, Wang Y Y, Han L, Lu J L 2017 China Metall. 27 1
Google Scholar
[19] 李艳阳, 熊跃, 张建民, 陈卫华 2015 材料导报 29 50
Google Scholar
Li Y Y, Xiong Y, Zhang J M, Chen W H 2015 Mater. Rep. 29 50
Google Scholar
[20] Zhang J, He T, Zhang W, Sheng J Z, Amiinu I S, Kou Z K, Yang J L, Mai L Q, Mu S C 2017 Adv. Energy Mater. 7 1602092
Google Scholar
[21] 杨顺毅, 王先友, 魏建良, 李秀琴, 唐安平 2008 物理化学学报 24 1669
Google Scholar
Yang S Y, Wang X Y, Wie J L, Li X Q, Tang A P 2008 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 24 1669
Google Scholar
[22] Xu M W, Niu Y B, Li Y T, Bao S J, Li C M 2014 RSC Adv. 4 30340
Google Scholar
[23] Lv W J, Huang Z G, Yin Y X, Yao H R, Zhu H L, Guo Y G 2019 ChemNanoMat 5 1253
Google Scholar
[24] Zheng P, Su J X, Wang Y B, Zhou W, Song J J, Su Q M, Reeves-McLaren N, Guo S W 2020 ChemSusChem 13 1793
Google Scholar
[25] 陆雅翔, 赵成龙, 容晓晖, 陈立泉, 胡勇胜 2018 物理学报 67 120601
Google Scholar
Lu Y X, Zhao C L, Rong X H, Chen L Q, Hu Y S 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 120601
Google Scholar
[26] Zhang Q N, Levi M D, Dou Q Y, Lu Y L, Chai Y G, Lei S L, Ji H X, Liu B, Bu X D, Ma P J, Yan X B 2019 Adv. Energy Mater. 9 1802707
Google Scholar
[27] Li J N, Yu J, Amiinu I S, Zhang J, Sheng J Z, Kou Z K, Wang Z, Yu Q, Mai L Q, Mu S C 2017 J. Mater. Chem. A 5 18509
Google Scholar
[28] Chua R, Cai Y, Kou Z K, Satish R, Ren H, Chan J J, Zhang L P, Morris S A, Bai J M, Srinivasan M 2019 Chem. Eng. J. 370 742
Google Scholar
[29] Wang X Y, Qin X H, Lu Q Q, Han M M, Omar A, Mikhailova D 2020 Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 28 2214
Google Scholar
[30] Xiao Y, Zhu Y F, Xiang W, Wu Z G, Li Y C, Lai J, Li S, Wang E, Yang Z G, Xu C L, Zhong B H, Guo X D 2020 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59 1491
Google Scholar
[31] Okamoto S, Ichitsubo T, Kawaguchi T, Kumagai Y, Oba F, Yagi S, Shimokawa K, Goto N, Doi T, Matsubara E 2015 Angew. Adv. Sci. 2 1500072
Google Scholar
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