Precision spectroscopic measurements of few-electron atomic systems in extreme ultraviolet region

Xiao Zheng-Rong; Zhang Heng-Zhi; Hua Lin-Qiang; Tang Li-Yan; Liu Xiao-Jun

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20241231

Abstract

Precision spectroscopic measurements on the few-electron atomic systems have attracted much attention because they shed light on important topics such as the “proton radius puzzle” and testing quantum electrodynamics (QED). However, many important transitions of few-electron atomic systems are located in the vacuum/extreme ultraviolet region. Lack of a suitable narrow linewidth light source is one of the main reasons that hinder the further improvement of the spectral resolution.Recently, narrow linewidth extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light sources based on high harmonic processes in rare gases have opened up new opportunities for precision measurements of these transitions. The recently implemented XUV comb has a shortest wavelength of about 12 nm, a maximum power of milliwatts, and a linewidth of about 0.3 MHz, making it an ideal tool for precision measurements in the XUV band. At the same time, the Ramsey comb in the XUV band can achieve a spectral resolution of the kHz range, and may operate throughout the entire XUV band.With these useful tools, direct frequency spectroscopy and Ramsey comb spectroscopy in the XUV region are developed, and precision spectroscopic measurements of few-electron atomic systems with these methods are becoming a hot topic in cutting-edge science. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current status and the progress of relevant researches, both experimentally and theoretically, and discuss the opportunities for relevant important transitions in the extreme ultraviolet band.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Hua Lin-Qiang, hualq@wipm.ac.cn ; Liu Xiao-Jun, xjliu@wipm.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12121004, U21A20435, 12393823, 92265206, 12174402, 12393821), the Pioneer Research Project for Basic and Interdisciplinary Frontiers of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Category B) (Grant No. 0920000), and the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (Grant No. YSBR-055).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 直接频率梳光谱方法原理示意图　(a)重复频率和相位精确锁定的飞秒脉冲; (b)频率域对应的梳齿; (c)原子能级

Figure 1. A schematically view of the principle of the direct frequency comb spectroscopy: (a) Femtosecond pulse trains after carrier-envelop phase stabilization; (b) comb teeth in the frequency domain; (c) atomic energy level.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 大范围扫描光梳重复频率得到原子上能态布居数演化的示意图

Figure 2. A schematically view of the population oscillation when scanning the f_r of the frequency comb for a large range.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 拉姆齐频率梳光谱方法原理示意图^[23]　(a)单一原子能级情况下扫描脉冲延时布居数的演化规律; (b)多原子能级情况下扫描脉冲延时布居数的演化规律

Figure 3. A schematically view of the principle of the Ramsey comb spectroscopy^[23]: (a) The population of the upper state oscillate with a single frequency if only one transition is excited; (b) the population of the upper state oscillate with multiple frequencies if multiple transitions are excited.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 利用极紫外光梳测量冷却氦离子1s→2s跃迁的方案示意图^[31]

Figure 4. A schematic view of measuring the 1s→2s transition in cold He⁺ with extreme ultraviolet comb ^[31].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 利用极紫外波段的拉姆齐光梳测量冷却氦离子1s→2s跃迁的方案示意图^[32]

Figure 5. A schematically view of measuring the 1s→2s transition in cold He⁺ with Ramsey comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet region^[32].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 基于(2+1) REMPI方案激发氦原子1s→2s跃迁并测量氦离子随激光频率变化的离子产率^[19]

Figure 6. Measurement of the 1s→2s transition of He using the (2+1) REMPI scheme and measurement of the yield of He⁺ while tuning the excitation frequency^[19].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 H原子1s→2s跃迁频率的各种修正计算^[52]

Figure 7. Corrections of different effects to the 1s→2s transition of H atom ^[52].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 氢原子1s→2s跃迁频率的比较, 蓝色代表的是实验测量结果, 洋红色代表的是理论计算值

Figure 8. Comparison of the experimental (blue) and calculated (magenta) results of the 1s→2s transition of H atom.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 氦-4原子1s→2s跃迁频率的比较, 蓝色代表的是实验测量值, 洋红色代表的是唯一的理论计算结果

Figure 9. Comparison of the experimental (blue) and calculated (magenta) results of the 1s→2s transition of He atom.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 利用真空紫外光梳直接测量钍的核能级跃迁^[26]

Figure 10. Direct spectroscopic measurement of Th nuclear electric quadrupole structure ^[26].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

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