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二维材料因其优异的光电性能在基础科学探索与光电子学、能源存储和转换器件等未来技术应用中展现出巨大的潜力，成为了凝聚态物理和材料科学领域的前沿热点。二维材料独特的层状结构使其物理性能极易受外场的影响。高压技术作为一种高效、连续且清洁的调控手段，可以通过压缩原子间距、增强层间耦合，甚至诱导结构相变，进而实现对二维材料结构的精准调控以及光电性能的优化提升。本文以石墨烯、过渡金属二硫族化合物、二维金属卤化物钙钛矿等为例，结合金刚石对顶砧高压装置以及原位高压表征技术，重点探讨了它们在高压下的结构演化规律与光电性能调控机制，并指出了这一新兴研究领域所面临的挑战和机遇，以期为新型高性能功能材料的开发和实际应用有所启发。Two-dimensional (2D) materials, owing to their outstanding photoelectric properties, have demonstrated significant potential in both fundamental scientific research and future technological applications, including optoelectronics, energy storage, and conversion devices, establishing them as a cutting-edge research field in condensed matter physics and materials science. The distinctive layered structure of 2D materials renders their physical properties highly sensitive to external stimuli. High-pressure technology, serving as an efficient, continuous, and clean tuning tool, enables precise structural control and optimization of the photoelectric properties of 2D materials by compressing atomic distances, strengthening interlayer coupling, and even inducing structural phase transitions. This article focuses on prototypical two-dimensional materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and two-dimensional metal halide perovskites. Employing the diamond anvil cell combined with multimodal in situ high-pressure characterization techniques—such as Xray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and electrical transport measurements—we systematically elucidate the effects of high pressure on the structural and photoelectric properties of these materials. Key findings demonstrate that high pressure can induce the transition of graphene from a semimetal to a semiconductor or even a superconducting state, trigger structural phase transitions and semiconductor-to-metal transitions in TMDs such as MoS2 and WTe2, and result in pressuredependent bandgap narrowing and marked enhancements of luminescence intensity in two-dimensional perovskites. This work underscores the utility of high-pressure techniques in uncovering the intrinsic correlations between the microstructure and macroscopic properties of twodimensional materials. Furthermore, it discusses the key challenges and opportunities in this emerging research area, providing insights for the development and practical application of novel functional materials.
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Keywords:
- Two-dimensional materials /
- High pressure /
- photoelectric performance
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