高温压电材料、器件与应用

吴金根; 高翔宇; 陈建国; 王春明; 张树君; 董蜀湘

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20181091

摘要

作为重要的功能材料，压电材料已经在国民经济的多个领域里有着重要应用.随着现代工业的快速发展，特别是新能源、交通和国防工业的高速发展，功能材料的应用已经从常规使用转向极端环境下的服役.本文综述了具有高居里点的压电材料，包括钙钛矿型压电陶瓷、铋层状结构氧化物压电陶瓷、钨青铜结构压电陶瓷以及非铁电压电单晶等；介绍了其晶体结构特征和高温压电性能、最新研究进展，并列举了一系列的高温压电器件和应用，包括高温压电探测器、传感器、换能器和驱动器等.另外，本文总结了高温压电材料的热点研究问题，并展望了今后的发展方向.

关键词:

Abstract

Piezoelectric functional materials have been extensively studied and employed in numerous devices. With the rapid development of modern industries, such as power plants, aerospace, automotive, renewable energy and material processing industries, the high temperature piezoelectric materials that can work in extreme environments are in great demand. Piezoelectric materials including piezoelectric single crystals, ceramics and films, are at the heart of electromechanical actuation and sensing devices. A variety of applications where piezoelectric actuators and sensors operate at elevated temperatures (T 200℃) would be extremely desired. The actuators need to work efficiently with high strokes, torques, and forces while operating under relatively harsh conditions. These include high-temperature fans and turbines, motors for valves or natural gas industries, kiln automation, and actuators for automotive engines such as fuel injectors and cooling system elements. Yet, the majority of industrial actuator applications are at or below the 250℃ temperature limit. In addition to the increase in operational temperatures of piezoelectric motors and actuators, a future area of interest is high-temperature MEMS research, which can be used for high-temperature valving. On the other hand, the piezoelectric sensors have been widely used for structural health monitoring applications. This is due to their wide bandwidth, versatility, simplicity, high rigidity, high stability, high reproducibility, fast response time, wide operating temperature range, insensitivity to electric and magnetic fields, the capacity for miniaturization and minimal dependence on moving parts and low power consumption, and wide piezoelectric materials and mechanisms selections, which will greatly benefit the sensing applications. In addition to the temperature usage range, the piezoelectric sensors must withstand the harsh environments encountered in space, engine, power plants, and also need to possess high sensitivity, resistivity, reliability, stability and robustness. In order to use the piezoelectric materials for a specific high temperature application, many aspects need to be considered together with piezoelectric properties, such as phase transition, thermal aging, thermal expansion, chemical stability, electrical resistivity, and the stability of properties at elevated temperature. In this paper, ferroelectric materials with high Curie point, including perovskite-type ferroelectrics, bismuth layer structured ferroelectrics, tungsten-bronze structured ferroelectrics, together with non-ferroelectric piezoelectric single crystals, are surveyed. The crystal structure characteristics, high temperature piezoelectric properties, and recent research progress are discussed. A series of high temperature piezoelectric devices and their applications are reviewed, including high temperature piezoelectric detectors, sensors, transducers, actuators, etc. Finally, recent important research topics, the future development of high temperature piezoelectric materials and the potential new applications are summarized.

Keywords:

high temperature piezoelectric materials /
extreme environments /
piezoelectric detect /
sensors

作者及机构信息

1.
北京大学工学院材料科学与工程系, 北京 100871;

2.
北京大学, 磁电功能材料与器件北京市重点实验室, 北京 100871;

3.
上海大学材料学院, 上海 200444;

4.
山东大学物理学院, 晶体材料国家重点实验室, 济南 250100;

5.
伍伦贡大学, 澳大利亚先进材料研究所, 伍伦贡, NSW 2500, 澳大利亚;

6.
西安交通大学电子与信息工程学院, 电子陶瓷与器件教育部重点实验室与国际电介质研究中心, 西安 710049

通信作者: 陈建国, kpfocus@shu.edu.cn;wangcm@sdu.edu.cn;shujun@uow.edu.au;sxdong@pku.edu.cn ; 王春明, kpfocus@shu.edu.cn;wangcm@sdu.edu.cn;shujun@uow.edu.au;sxdong@pku.edu.cn ; 张树君, kpfocus@shu.edu.cn;wangcm@sdu.edu.cn;shujun@uow.edu.au;sxdong@pku.edu.cn ; 董蜀湘, kpfocus@shu.edu.cn;wangcm@sdu.edu.cn;shujun@uow.edu.au;sxdong@pku.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：51772005，51072003，51872166，51872180）、上海市自然科学基金（批准号：18ZR1414800）、山东大学基本科研业务费（批准号：2016JC036，2017JC032）和磁电功能材料与器件北京市重点实验室资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;

2.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Magneto-Electrical Functional Materials and Devices, Peking University, Beijing 100817, China;

3.
College of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;

4.
School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China;

5.
Australian Institute of Advanced Materials, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia;

6.
Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

Corresponding author: Chen Jianguo, kpfocus@shu.edu.cn;wangcm@sdu.edu.cn;shujun@uow.edu.au;sxdong@pku.edu.cn ; Wang Chun-Ming, kpfocus@shu.edu.cn;wangcm@sdu.edu.cn;shujun@uow.edu.au;sxdong@pku.edu.cn ; Zhang Shujun, kpfocus@shu.edu.cn;wangcm@sdu.edu.cn;shujun@uow.edu.au;sxdong@pku.edu.cn ; Dong Shuxiang, kpfocus@shu.edu.cn;wangcm@sdu.edu.cn;shujun@uow.edu.au;sxdong@pku.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51772005, 51072003, 51872166, 51872180), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (Grant No. 18ZR1414800), the Fundamental Research Fund for Shandong University, China (Grant Nos. 2016JC036, 2017JC032), and the Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices.

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