Research progress of nonlocal quantum entanglement preparation based on quantum multiplexing

LI Tao; WANG Xueqi; XIE Zhihao

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250589

Abstract

Nonlocal quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for future quantum networks. However, the efficiency of generating nonlocal entanglement between distant nodes is severely limited by the exponential loss incurred when locally generated entangled states are distributed through lossy quantum channels. This limitation becomes more pronounced in practical scenarios requiring the simultaneous distribution of multiple entangled pairs. Although classical multiplexing approaches, such as spatial, temporal, and frequency multiplexing, can increase the nonlocal entanglement generation rate, they do not improve the single-shot transmission efficiency. In contrast, quantum multiplexing, which can be generated by high-dimensional encoding of single photons, allows for the parallel generation of multiple nonlocal entangled pairs in a single transmission round, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of nonlocal entanglement generation. Quantum multiplexing thus presents a promising route toward scalable quantum networks. This review introduces the mechanisms of generating nonlocal entanglement through quantum multiplexing, and focuses on two main methods: using high-dimensional single-photon encoding and high-dimensional biphoton entanglement distribution. Then it examines how quantum multiplexing can accelerate the generation of nonlocal quantum logical entanglement. Finally, it briefly explores the potential of quantum multiplexing for building large-scale quantum networks.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Engineering Research Center of Semiconductor Device Optoelectronic Hybrid Integration in Jiangsu Province, School of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2.
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

Corresponding author: LI Tao, tao.li@njust.edu.cn ; XIE Zhihao, zhihaoxie@smail.nju.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11904171).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 (a)受控极化翻转单元示意图; (b) SiV^–色心的相关能级图和光学跃迁^[73]

Figure 1. (a) Schematic of a controlled-polarization-flip unit; (b) relevant energy levels and optical transitions of a SiV^– color center^[73].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 两对非局域量子纠缠制备方案^[64]

Figure 2. Schematic for nonlocally entangling two pairs of stationary qubits^[64].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 基于高维单光子编码的n对非局域静态量子比特纠缠制备^[65]

Figure 3. Nonlocal entanglement generation for n pairs of stationary qubits based on high-dimensional encoding of a single photon^[65].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 基于高维单光子编码的M对N量子比特非局域GHZ态制备^[66]

Figure 4. Nonlocal GHZ-state generation for M pairs of N stationary qubits based on high-dimensional encoding of a single photon^[66].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 基于高维双光子纠缠分发的3对非局域静态量子比特纠缠制备^[69]

Figure 5. Nonlocal entanglement generation for 3 pairs of stationary qubits based on two-photon high-dimensional entanglement distribution^[69].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 非局域逻辑量子比特纠缠制备^[73]

Figure 6. Nonlocal logical-qubit entanglement generation^[73].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

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