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This review surveys the application of graphene and its derivatives in organic solar cells, used as interfacial layers: including anode interfacial layers, cathode interfacial layers, and intermediate layers in a tandem device. Research work has be done for increasing the electroconductivity by reducing the oxide to partially oxidized graphene, as well as chemically modifying or making composite interfacial layer. Additionally, the researches on graphene derivatives and combined interfacial layers used as a cathode interfacial layer or an intermediate layer in the tandem device are discussed. Finally, this review suggests that graphene and its derivatives are potential to be used in perovskite solar cells.
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Keywords:
- graphene and derivatives /
- organic solar cells /
- perovskite solar cells /
- interfacial layer
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[2] Yang G W, Xu C L, Li H L 2008 Chem. Commun. 6537
[3] Dou L, You J, Hong Z, Xu Z, Li G, Street R A, Yang Y 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 6642
[4] Qian D, Ma W, Li Z, Guo X, Zhang S, Ye L, Ade H, Tan Z a, Hou J 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 8464
[5] He Z, Wu H, Cao Y 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 1006
[6] Chen L M, Hong Z, Li G, Yang Y 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 1434
[7] Gnes S, Neugebauer H, Sariciftci N S 2007 Chem. Rev. 107 1324
[8] Chen Y, Wan X, Long G 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 2645
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[10] Lin Y, Li Y, Zhan X 2012 Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 4245
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[18] Tang C W 1986 Appl. Phys. Lett. 48 183
[19] Yu G, Gao J, Hummelen J C, Wudl F, Heeger A J 1995 Science 270 1789
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[23] Huang X, Zeng Z, Fan Z, Liu J, Zhang H 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 5979
[24] Liu Q, Liu Z, Zhang X, Yang L, Zhang N, Pan G, Yin S, Chen Y, Wei J 2009 Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 894
[25] Liu Z, Liu Q, Huang Y, Ma Y, Yin S, Zhang X, Sun W, Chen Y 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 3924
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[30] Zilberberg K, Trost S, Schmidt H, Riedl T 2011 Adv. Energy Mater. 1 377
[31] Murase S, Yang Y 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 2459
[32] Li X, Choy W C H, Xie F, Zhang S, Hou J 2013 J. Mater. Chem. A 1 6614
[33] Zhang F, Johansson M, Andersson M R, Hummelen J C, Inganäs O 2002 Adv. Mater. 14 662
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[44] He Z, Zhong C, Su S, Xu M, Wu H, Cao Y 2012 Nature Photon. 6 591
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[47] Liu J, Durstock M, Dai L 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 1297
[48] Li S S, Tu K H, Lin C C, Chen C W, Chhowalla M 2010 ACS Nano 4 3169
[49] Gao Y, Yip H L, Hau S K, O'Malley K M, Cho N C, Chen H, Jen A K Y 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 203306
[50] Yun J M, Yeo J S, Kim J, Jeong H G, Kim D Y, Noh Y J, Kim S S, Ku B C, Na S I 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 4923
[51] Liu J, Xue Y, Dai L 2012 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3 1928
[52] Jeon Y J, Yun J M, Kim D Y, Na S I, Kim S S 2012 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 105 96
[53] Liu X, Kim H, Guo L J 2013 Org. Electron. 14 591
[54] Kim J, Tung V C, Huang J 2011 Adv. Energy Mater. 1 1052
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[56] Yang D, Zhou L, Chen L, Zhao B, Zhang J, Li C 2012 Chem. Commun. 48 8078
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[60] Chuang M K, Lin S W, Chen F C, Chu C W, Hsu C S 2014 Nanoscale 6 1573
[61] Fan G Q, Zhuo Q Q, Zhu J J, Xu Z Q, Cheng P P, Li Y Q, Sun X H, Lee S T, Tang J X 2012 J. Mater. Chem. 22 15614
[62] Stratakis E, Stylianakis M M, Koudoumas E, Kymakis E 2013 Nanoscale 5 4144
[63] Ryu M S, Jang J 2011 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 2893
[64] Chao Y H, Wu J S, Wu C E, Jheng J F, Wang C L, Hsu C S 2013 Adv. Energy Mater. 3 1279
[65] Park Y, Soon Choi K, Young Kim S 2012 Physica Status Solidi 209 1363
[66] Liu J, Kim G H, Xue Y, Kim J Y, Baek J B, Durstock M, Dai L 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 786
[67] Liu J, Xue Y, Gao Y, Yu D, Durstock M, Dai L 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 2228
[68] Qu S, Li M, Xie L, Huang X, Yang J, Wang N, Yang S 2013 ACS Nano 7 4070
[69] Wang D H, Kim J K, Seo J H, Park I, Hong B H, Park J H, Heeger A J 2013 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 2874
[70] Beliatis M J, Gandhi K K, Rozanski L J, Rhodes R, McCafferty L, Alenezi M R, Alshammari A S, Mills C A, Jayawardena K D G I, Henley S J, Silva S R P 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 2078
[71] Yu H Z 2013 Acta Phys. Sin 62 027201
[72] Sista S, Park M H, Hong Z R, Wu Y, Hou J H, Kwan W L, Li G, Yang Y 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 380
[73] Gilot J, Wienk M M, Janssen R A J 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 E67
[74] Tung V C, Kim J, Huang J 2012 Adv. Energy Mater. 2 299
[75] Tung V C, Kim J, Cote L J, Huang J 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 9262
[76] Tong S W, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Ng M F, Loh K P 2011 Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 4430
[77] Yusoff A R b M, Jose da Silva W, Kim H P, Jang J 2013 Nanoscale 5 11051
[78] Park N G 2014 Mater. Today DOI.10.1016/j. mattod.2014.07.007
[79] Jeng J Y, Chen K C, Chiang T Y, Lin P Y, Tsai T D, Chang Y C, Guo T F, Chen P, Wen T C, Hsu Y J 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 4107
[80] Zhao Y, Nardes A M, Zhu K 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 213906
[81] Christians J A, Fung R C M, Kamat P V 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 758
[82] Burschka J, Pellet N, Moon S J, Humphry Baker R, Gao P, Nazeeruddin M K, Gratzel M 2013 Nature 499 316
[83] Xiao Z, Bi C, Shao Y, Dong Q, Wang Q, Yuan Y, Wang C, Gao Y, Huang J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 2619
[84] Seo J, Park S, Chan Kim Y, Jeon N J, Noh J H, Yoon S C, Seok S I 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 2642
[85] Liu M, Johnston M B, Snaith H J 2013 Nature 501 395
[86] Wang J T W, Ball J M, Barea E M, Abate A, Alexander Webber J A, Huang J, Saliba M, Mora Sero I, Bisquert J, Snaith H J, Nicholas R J 2013 Nano Lett. 14 724
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[1] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
[2] Yang G W, Xu C L, Li H L 2008 Chem. Commun. 6537
[3] Dou L, You J, Hong Z, Xu Z, Li G, Street R A, Yang Y 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 6642
[4] Qian D, Ma W, Li Z, Guo X, Zhang S, Ye L, Ade H, Tan Z a, Hou J 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 8464
[5] He Z, Wu H, Cao Y 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 1006
[6] Chen L M, Hong Z, Li G, Yang Y 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 1434
[7] Gnes S, Neugebauer H, Sariciftci N S 2007 Chem. Rev. 107 1324
[8] Chen Y, Wan X, Long G 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 2645
[9] Coughlin J E, Henson Z B, Welch G C, Bazan G C 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 47 257
[10] Lin Y, Li Y, Zhan X 2012 Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 4245
[11] Chen Y H, Lin L Y, Lu C W, Lin F, Huang Z Y, Lin H W, Wang P H, Liu Y H, Wong K T, Wen J, Miller D J, Darling S B 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 13616
[12] Fitzner R, Mena-Osteritz E, Mishra A, Schulz G, Reinold E, Weil M, Körner C, Ziehlke H, Elschner C, Leo K, Riede M, Pfeiffer M, Uhrich C, Bäuerle P 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 11064
[13] Kong J, Hwang I W, Lee K 2014 Adv. Mater. 10.1002adma.201402182
[14] You J, Dou L, Yoshimura K, Kato T, Ohya K, Moriarty T, Emery K, Chen C C, Gao J, Li G, Yang Y 2013 Nature Commun. 4 1446
[15] Cheng Y J, Yang S H, Hsu C S 2009 Chem. Rev. 109 5868
[16] Coakley K M, McGehee M D 2004 Chem. Mater. 16 4533
[17] Weinberger B R, Akhtar M, Gau S C 1982 Synth. Met. 4 187
[18] Tang C W 1986 Appl. Phys. Lett. 48 183
[19] Yu G, Gao J, Hummelen J C, Wudl F, Heeger A J 1995 Science 270 1789
[20] Spanggaard H, Krebs F C 2004 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 83 125
[21] Sasajima I, Uesaka S, Kuwabara T, Yamaguchi T, Takahashi K 2011 Org. Electron. 12 113
[22] Hecht D S, Hu L, Irvin G 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 1482
[23] Huang X, Zeng Z, Fan Z, Liu J, Zhang H 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 5979
[24] Liu Q, Liu Z, Zhang X, Yang L, Zhang N, Pan G, Yin S, Chen Y, Wei J 2009 Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 894
[25] Liu Z, Liu Q, Huang Y, Ma Y, Yin S, Zhang X, Sun W, Chen Y 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 3924
[26] Braun S, Salaneck W R, Fahlman M 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 1450
[27] Po R, Carbonera C, Bernardi A, Camaioni N 2011 Energy Environ. Sci. 4 285
[28] Steim R, Kogler F R, Brabec C J 2010 J. Mater. Chem. 20 2499
[29] Steirer K X, Ndione P F, Widjonarko N E, Lloyd M T, Meyer J, Ratcliff E L, Kahn A, Armstrong N R, Curtis C J, Ginley D S, Berry J J, Olson D C 2011 Adv. Energy Mater. 1 813
[30] Zilberberg K, Trost S, Schmidt H, Riedl T 2011 Adv. Energy Mater. 1 377
[31] Murase S, Yang Y 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 2459
[32] Li X, Choy W C H, Xie F, Zhang S, Hou J 2013 J. Mater. Chem. A 1 6614
[33] Zhang F, Johansson M, Andersson M R, Hummelen J C, Inganäs O 2002 Adv. Mater. 14 662
[34] Zhou H, Zhang Y, Mai C K, Collins S D, Nguyen T Q, Bazan G C, Heeger A J 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 780
[35] Gupta D, Bag M, Narayan K S 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 093301
[36] Reese M O, White M S, Rumbles G, Ginley D S, Shaheen S E 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 053307
[37] Huang J, Xu Z, Yang Y 2007 Adv. Funct. Mater. 17 1966
[38] Jabbour G E, Kippelen B, Armstrong N R, Peyghambarian N 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 1185
[39] Kim J Y, Kim S H, Lee H H, Lee K, Ma W, Gong X, Heeger A J 2006 Adv. Mater. 18 572
[40] White M S, Olson D C, Shaheen S E, Kopidakis N, Ginley D S 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 143517
[41] Kim J H, Huh S Y, Kim T I, Lee H H 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 143305
[42] Varotto A, Treat N D, Jo J, Shuttle C G, Batara N A, Brunetti F G, Seo J H, Chabinyc M L, Hawker C J, Heeger A J, Wudl F 2011 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 5166
[43] Zhang F, Ceder M, Inganäs O 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 1835
[44] He Z, Zhong C, Su S, Xu M, Wu H, Cao Y 2012 Nature Photon. 6 591
[45] Zhou Y, Fuentes-Hernandez C, Shim J, Meyer J, Giordano A J, Li H, Winget P, Papadopoulos T, Cheun H, Kim J, Fenoll M, Dindar A, Haske W, Najafabadi E, Khan T M, Sojoudi H, Barlow S, Graham S, Brédas J L, Marder S R, Kahn A, Kippelen B 2012 Science 336 327
[46] Yip H L, Hau S K, Baek N S, Ma H, Jen A K Y 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 2376
[47] Liu J, Durstock M, Dai L 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 1297
[48] Li S S, Tu K H, Lin C C, Chen C W, Chhowalla M 2010 ACS Nano 4 3169
[49] Gao Y, Yip H L, Hau S K, O'Malley K M, Cho N C, Chen H, Jen A K Y 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 203306
[50] Yun J M, Yeo J S, Kim J, Jeong H G, Kim D Y, Noh Y J, Kim S S, Ku B C, Na S I 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 4923
[51] Liu J, Xue Y, Dai L 2012 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3 1928
[52] Jeon Y J, Yun J M, Kim D Y, Na S I, Kim S S 2012 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 105 96
[53] Liu X, Kim H, Guo L J 2013 Org. Electron. 14 591
[54] Kim J, Tung V C, Huang J 2011 Adv. Energy Mater. 1 1052
[55] Murray I P, Lou S J, Cote L J, Loser S, Kadleck C J, Xu T, Szarko J M, Rolczynski B S, Johns J E, Huang J, Yu L, Chen L X, Marks T J, Hersam M C 2011 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2 3006
[56] Yang D, Zhou L, Chen L, Zhao B, Zhang J, Li C 2012 Chem. Commun. 48 8078
[57] Yang D, Zhou L, Yu W, Zhang J, Li C 2014 Adv. Energy Mater. DOI.10.1002/aenm.201400591
[58] Stratakis E, Savva K, Konios D, Petridis C, Kymakis E 2014 Nanoscale 6 6925
[59] Kim S H, Lee C H, Yun J M, Noh Y J, Kim S S, Lee S, Jo S M, Joh H I, Na S I 2014 Nanoscale 6 7183
[60] Chuang M K, Lin S W, Chen F C, Chu C W, Hsu C S 2014 Nanoscale 6 1573
[61] Fan G Q, Zhuo Q Q, Zhu J J, Xu Z Q, Cheng P P, Li Y Q, Sun X H, Lee S T, Tang J X 2012 J. Mater. Chem. 22 15614
[62] Stratakis E, Stylianakis M M, Koudoumas E, Kymakis E 2013 Nanoscale 5 4144
[63] Ryu M S, Jang J 2011 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 2893
[64] Chao Y H, Wu J S, Wu C E, Jheng J F, Wang C L, Hsu C S 2013 Adv. Energy Mater. 3 1279
[65] Park Y, Soon Choi K, Young Kim S 2012 Physica Status Solidi 209 1363
[66] Liu J, Kim G H, Xue Y, Kim J Y, Baek J B, Durstock M, Dai L 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 786
[67] Liu J, Xue Y, Gao Y, Yu D, Durstock M, Dai L 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 2228
[68] Qu S, Li M, Xie L, Huang X, Yang J, Wang N, Yang S 2013 ACS Nano 7 4070
[69] Wang D H, Kim J K, Seo J H, Park I, Hong B H, Park J H, Heeger A J 2013 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 2874
[70] Beliatis M J, Gandhi K K, Rozanski L J, Rhodes R, McCafferty L, Alenezi M R, Alshammari A S, Mills C A, Jayawardena K D G I, Henley S J, Silva S R P 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 2078
[71] Yu H Z 2013 Acta Phys. Sin 62 027201
[72] Sista S, Park M H, Hong Z R, Wu Y, Hou J H, Kwan W L, Li G, Yang Y 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 380
[73] Gilot J, Wienk M M, Janssen R A J 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 E67
[74] Tung V C, Kim J, Huang J 2012 Adv. Energy Mater. 2 299
[75] Tung V C, Kim J, Cote L J, Huang J 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 9262
[76] Tong S W, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Ng M F, Loh K P 2011 Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 4430
[77] Yusoff A R b M, Jose da Silva W, Kim H P, Jang J 2013 Nanoscale 5 11051
[78] Park N G 2014 Mater. Today DOI.10.1016/j. mattod.2014.07.007
[79] Jeng J Y, Chen K C, Chiang T Y, Lin P Y, Tsai T D, Chang Y C, Guo T F, Chen P, Wen T C, Hsu Y J 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 4107
[80] Zhao Y, Nardes A M, Zhu K 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 213906
[81] Christians J A, Fung R C M, Kamat P V 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 758
[82] Burschka J, Pellet N, Moon S J, Humphry Baker R, Gao P, Nazeeruddin M K, Gratzel M 2013 Nature 499 316
[83] Xiao Z, Bi C, Shao Y, Dong Q, Wang Q, Yuan Y, Wang C, Gao Y, Huang J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 2619
[84] Seo J, Park S, Chan Kim Y, Jeon N J, Noh J H, Yoon S C, Seok S I 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 2642
[85] Liu M, Johnston M B, Snaith H J 2013 Nature 501 395
[86] Wang J T W, Ball J M, Barea E M, Abate A, Alexander Webber J A, Huang J, Saliba M, Mora Sero I, Bisquert J, Snaith H J, Nicholas R J 2013 Nano Lett. 14 724
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