-
Flexible perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in the scientific community due to their lightweight nature, high flexibility, and superior power-to-mass ratio. One of the most effective strategies for enhancing the power conversion efficiency of these cells involves addressing grain boundary defects within the perovskite films and interfacial defects between the perovskite films and charge transport layers. In this work, we optimize the performance of inverted flexible perovskite solar cell by using octadecylamine hydrochloride (OACl) as both an additive and a surface passivating agent to achieve synergistic passivation to the bulk phase and surface. The incorporation of OACl in the perovskite precursor solution results in the enlarging of the perovskite crystal grains, enhancing crystallinity, and passivating of grain boundary defects within the perovskite film. This optimization leads the open-circuit voltage to increase from 1.07 to 1.12 V, fill factor from 70.86% to 75.04%, and power conversion efficiency from 18.08% to 20.12%. In addition, the OACl solution is used to passivate the surface of perovskite film, resulting in a smoother perovskite surface, fill the grain boundaries, and reduce the defect density on the perovskite surface. As a result, the optimized device exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 1.15 V, fill factor of 76.15%, and ultimately achieves a power conversion efficiency of 20.80% for flexible perovskite solar cells. The synergistic passivation strategy based on OACl used in this work provides an effective approach for fabricating efficient flexible perovskite solar cells.
-
Keywords:
- flexible /
- perovskite solar cell /
- invert /
- defect passivation
[1] Jeong J, Kim M, Seo J, Lu H, Ahlawat P, Mishra A, Yang Y, Hope M A, Eickemeyer F T, Kim M, Yoon Y J, Choi I W, Darwich B P, Choi S J, Jo Y, Lee J H, Walker B, Zakeeruddin S M, Emsley L, Rothlisberger U, Hagfeldt A, Kim D S, Grätzel M, Kim J Y 2021 Nature 592 381
Google Scholar
[2] Jiang Q, Tong J, Xian Y, Kerner R A, Dunfield S P, Xiao C, Scheidt R A, Kuciauskas D, Wang X, Hautzinger M P, Tirawat R, Beard M C, Fenning D P, Berry J J, Larson B W, Yan Y, Zhu K 2022 Nature 611 278
Google Scholar
[3] Best Research-Cell Efficiencies https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html.[2023-11-3]
[4] Yang D, Yang R, Wang K, Wu C, Zhu X, Feng J, Ren X, Fang G, Priya S, Liu S F 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 3239
Google Scholar
[5] Wu J, Chen P, Xu H, Yu M, Li L, Yan H, Huangfu Y, Xiao Y, Yang X, Zhao L, Wang W, Gong Q, Zhu R 2022 Sci. Chin. Mater. 65 2319
Google Scholar
[6] Zhang J, Zhang W, Cheng H M, Silva S R P 2020 Mater. Today 39 66
Google Scholar
[7] Chung J, Shin S S, Hwang K, Kim G, Kim K W, Lee D S, Kim W, Ma B S, Kim Y K, Kim T S, Seo J 2020 Energy Environ. Sci. 13 4854
Google Scholar
[8] Cardinaletti I, Vangerven T, Nagels S, Cornelissen R, Schreurs D, Hruby J, Vodnik J, Devisscher D, Kesters J, D’Haen J, Franquet A, Spampinato V, Conard T, Maes W, Deferme W, Manca J V 2018 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 182 121
Google Scholar
[9] Wang H, Jiang X, Cao Y, Qian L, Liu Y, Huang M, Zhang C, Hao Y, Wang K, Liu S 2023 Adv. Energy Mater . 13 2202643
Google Scholar
[10] Xie L, Du S, Li J, Liu C, Pu Z, Tong X, Liu J, Wang Y, Meng Y, Yang M, Li W, Ge Z 2023 Energy Environ. Sci. 16 5423
Google Scholar
[11] Gong O Y, Han G S, Lee S, Seo M K, Sohn C, Yoon G W, Jang J, Lee J M, Choi J H, Lee D K, Kang S B, Choi M, Park N G, Kim D H, Jung H S 2022 ACS Energy Lett.
7 2893 Google Scholar
[12] Luo X, Lin X, Gao F, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhan L, Qiu Z, Wang J, Chen C, Meng L, Gao X, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Fan R, Liu H, Chen Y, Ren X, Tang J, Chen C H, Yang D, Tu Y, Liu X, Liu D, Zhao Q, You J, Fang J, Wu Y, Han H, Zhang X, Zhao D, Huang F, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Chen Q, Wang Z, Liu S F, Zhu R, Nakazaki J, Li Y, Han L 2022 Sci. Chin. Chem. 65 2369
Google Scholar
[13] Ni Z, Bao C, Liu Y, Jiang Q, Wu W Q, Chen S, Dai X, Chen B, Hartweg B, Yu Z, Holman Z, Huang J 2020 Science 367 1352
Google Scholar
[14] Li X, Zhang W, Wang Y C, Zhang W, Wang H Q, Fang J 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 3806
Google Scholar
[15] Li X, Fu S, Liu S, Wu Y, Zhang W, Song W, Fang J 2019 Nano Energy 64 103962
Google Scholar
[16] Zheng X, Hou Y, Bao C, Yin J, Yuan F, Huang Z, Song K, Liu J, Troughton J, Gasparini N, Zhou C, Lin Y, Xue D J, Chen B, Johnston A K, Wei N, Hedhili M N, Wei M, Alsalloum A Y, Maity P, Turedi B, Yang C, Baran D, Anthopoulos T D, Han Y, Lu Z H, Mohammed O F, Gao F, Sargent E H, Bakr O M 2020 Nat. Energy 5 131
Google Scholar
[17] Gharibzadeh S, Fassl P, Hossain I M, Rohrbeck P, Frericks M, Schmidt M, Duong T, Khan M R, Abzieher T, Nejand B A, Schackmar F, Almora O, Feeney T, Singh R, Fuchs D, Lemmer U, Hofmann J P, Weber S A L, Paetzold U W 2021 Energy Environ. Sci. 14 5875
Google Scholar
[18] Bai S, Da P, Li C, Wang Z, Yuan Z, Fu F, Kawecki M, Liu X, Sakai N, Wang J T W, Huettner S, Buecheler S, Fahlman M, Gao F, Snaith H J 2019 Nature 571 245
Google Scholar
[19] Chen S, Liu Y, Xiao X, Yu Z, Deng Y, Dai X, Ni Z, Huang J 2020 Joule 4 2661
Google Scholar
[20] Luo D, Yang W, Wang Z, Sadhanala A, Hu Q, Su R, Shivanna R, Trindade G F, Watts J F, Xu Z, Liu T, Chen K, Ye F, Wu P, Zhao L, Wu J, Tu Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhang W, Friend R H, Gong Q, Snaith H J, Zhu R 2018 Science 360 1442
Google Scholar
[21] Boyd C C, Shallcross R C, Moot T, Kerner R, Bertoluzzi L, Onno A, Kavadiya S, Chosy C, Wolf E J, Werner J, Raiford J A, de Paula C, Palmstrom A F, Yu Z J, Berry J J, Bent S F, Holman Z C, Luther J M, Ratcliff E L, Armstrong N R, McGehee M D 2020 Joule 4 1759
Google Scholar
[22] Wu X, Xu G, Yang F, Chen W, Yang H, Shen Y, Wu Y, Chen H, Xi J, Tang X, Cheng Q, Chen Y, Ou X M, Li Y, Li Y 2023 ACS Energy Lett. 8 3750
Google Scholar
[23] Cao Y, Feng J, Xu Z, Zhang L, Lou J, Liu Y, Ren X, Yang D, Liu S 2023 InfoMat 5 e12423
Google Scholar
[24] Sun Q, Duan S, Liu G, Meng X, Hu D, Deng J, Shen B, Kang B, Silva S R P 2023 Adv. Energy Mater. 13 2301259
Google Scholar
[25] Yang J, Sheng W, Li X, Zhong Y, Su Y, Tan L, Chen Y 2023 Adv. Funct. Mater. 33 2214984
Google Scholar
[26] Xu R Y, Pan F, Chen J Y, Li J R, Yang Y G, Sun Y L, Zhu X Y, Li P Z, Cao X R, Xi J, Xu J, Yuan F, Dai J F, Zuo C T, Ding L M, Dong H, Jen A K Y, Wu Z X 2023 Adv. Mater. 36 2308039
Google Scholar
[27] Yi Z, Li X, Xiao B, Jiang Q, Luo Y, Yang J 2023 Chem. Eng. J. 469 143790
Google Scholar
[28] An Z, Zhu Y, Luo G, Hou P, Hu M, Li W, Huang F, Cheng Y B, Park H, Lu J 2023 Adv. Energy Mater. 13 2302732
Google Scholar
[29] Dong Q, Chen M, Liu Y, Eickemeyer F T, Zhao W, Dai Z, Yin Y, Jiang C, Feng J, Jin S, Liu S, Zakeeruddin S M, Grätzel M, Padture N P, Shi Y 2021 Joule 5 1587
Google Scholar
[30] Jiang X, Subhani W S, Wang K, Wang H, Duan L, Du M, Pang S, Liu S 2021 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 8 2001994
Google Scholar
[31] Zhang Y, Kim S G, Lee D, Shin H, Park N G 2019 Energy Environ. Sci 12 308
Google Scholar
[32] Son D Y, Lee J W, Choi Y J, Jang I H, Lee S, Yoo P J, Shin H, Ahn N, Choi M, Kim D, Park N G 2016 Nat. Energy 1 16081
Google Scholar
[33] He M, Li B, Cui X, Jiang B, He Y, Chen Y, O’Neil D, Szymanski P, Ei-Sayed M A, Huang J, Lin Z 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 16045
Google Scholar
[34] Wu B, Fu K, Yantara N, Xing G, Sun S, Sum T C, Mathews N 2015 Adv. Energy Mater. 5 1500829
Google Scholar
[35] Zhang J, Bai D, Jin Z, Bian H, Wang K, Sun J, Wang Q, Liu S 2018 Adv. Energy Mater. 8 1703246
Google Scholar
-
图 1 钙钛矿薄膜的SEM图片 (a)空白钙钛矿薄膜; (b) OACl添加剂钝化的钙钛矿薄膜; (c) OACl添加剂及表面钝化的钙钛矿薄膜. (d) 钙钛矿薄膜晶粒尺寸数量分布柱状图
Figure 1. SEM images of perovskite film: (a) Control perovskite film; (b) perovskite with OACl doping; (c) perovskite with OACl doping and interface modification. (d) Column chart of corresponding sizes counted by the SEM images.
图 2 钙钛矿薄膜AFM图片 (a) 空白钙钛矿薄膜; (b) OACl添加剂钝化的钙钛矿薄膜; (c) OACl添加剂及表面钝化的钙钛矿薄膜
Figure 2. AFM images of perovskite film: (a) Control perovskite film; (b) perovskite with OACl doping; (c) perovskite with OACl doping and interface modification.
图 3 钙钛矿薄膜的XRD图谱
Figure 3. XRD patterns of perovskite film.
图 4 对不同的钙钛矿薄膜表征 (a) PL图谱; (b) TRPL图谱
Figure 4. Different perovskite films were characterized: (a) PL results; (b) TRPL results.
图 5 钙钛矿薄膜的SCLC图谱
Figure 5. SCLC results for perovskite film.
图 6 钙钛矿薄膜制备的柔性电池的J-V曲线图
Figure 6. J-V curves for solar cells prepared by perovskite films.
图 7 钙钛矿薄膜制备的柔性电池的莫特-肖特基电化学曲线
Figure 7. Mott-Schottky electrochemical curves of flexible cells prepared by perovskite films.
表 1 空白钙钛矿薄膜, OACl添加剂钝化的钙钛矿薄膜, OACl添加剂及表面钝化钙钛矿薄膜的TRPL光谱拟合参数
Table 1. Fitted parameters of control perovskite film, perovskite with OACl doping, perovskite with OACl doping and interface modification from TRPL spectra.
T1/ns A1 T2/ns A2 Taverage/ns Control 54.23 95.56 354.90 222.11 336.35 With doping 163.20 212.90 473.90 150.93 372.34 With doping & interface 352.50 229.85 715.80 28.98 426.55 
DownLoad: CSV
表 2 空白钙钛矿薄膜所制备的柔性电池, OACl添加剂钝化的钙钛矿薄膜所制备的柔性电池, OACl添加剂及表面钝化钙钛矿薄膜所制备的柔性电池的参数
Table 2. Photovoltaic parameters for control perovskite solar cells, perovskite solar cells with OACl doping, and perovskite solar cells with OACl doping and interface modification.
VOC/V JSC/(mA⋅cm–2) FF/% PCE/% Control Champion 1.07 23.86 70.86 18.08 Average 1.06 23.35 71.60 17.70 With doping Champion 1.12 23.84 75.04 20.12 Average 1.12 23.28 74.71 19.47 With doping & interface Champion 1.15 23.81 76.15 20.80 Average 1.13 23.56 75.14 20.07
DownLoad: CSV
-
[1] Jeong J, Kim M, Seo J, Lu H, Ahlawat P, Mishra A, Yang Y, Hope M A, Eickemeyer F T, Kim M, Yoon Y J, Choi I W, Darwich B P, Choi S J, Jo Y, Lee J H, Walker B, Zakeeruddin S M, Emsley L, Rothlisberger U, Hagfeldt A, Kim D S, Grätzel M, Kim J Y 2021 Nature 592 381
Google Scholar
[2] Jiang Q, Tong J, Xian Y, Kerner R A, Dunfield S P, Xiao C, Scheidt R A, Kuciauskas D, Wang X, Hautzinger M P, Tirawat R, Beard M C, Fenning D P, Berry J J, Larson B W, Yan Y, Zhu K 2022 Nature 611 278
Google Scholar
[3] Best Research-Cell Efficiencies https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html.[2023-11-3]
[4] Yang D, Yang R, Wang K, Wu C, Zhu X, Feng J, Ren X, Fang G, Priya S, Liu S F 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 3239
Google Scholar
[5] Wu J, Chen P, Xu H, Yu M, Li L, Yan H, Huangfu Y, Xiao Y, Yang X, Zhao L, Wang W, Gong Q, Zhu R 2022 Sci. Chin. Mater. 65 2319
Google Scholar
[6] Zhang J, Zhang W, Cheng H M, Silva S R P 2020 Mater. Today 39 66
Google Scholar
[7] Chung J, Shin S S, Hwang K, Kim G, Kim K W, Lee D S, Kim W, Ma B S, Kim Y K, Kim T S, Seo J 2020 Energy Environ. Sci. 13 4854
Google Scholar
[8] Cardinaletti I, Vangerven T, Nagels S, Cornelissen R, Schreurs D, Hruby J, Vodnik J, Devisscher D, Kesters J, D’Haen J, Franquet A, Spampinato V, Conard T, Maes W, Deferme W, Manca J V 2018 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 182 121
Google Scholar
[9] Wang H, Jiang X, Cao Y, Qian L, Liu Y, Huang M, Zhang C, Hao Y, Wang K, Liu S 2023 Adv. Energy Mater . 13 2202643
Google Scholar
[10] Xie L, Du S, Li J, Liu C, Pu Z, Tong X, Liu J, Wang Y, Meng Y, Yang M, Li W, Ge Z 2023 Energy Environ. Sci. 16 5423
Google Scholar
[11] Gong O Y, Han G S, Lee S, Seo M K, Sohn C, Yoon G W, Jang J, Lee J M, Choi J H, Lee D K, Kang S B, Choi M, Park N G, Kim D H, Jung H S 2022 ACS Energy Lett.
7 2893 Google Scholar
[12] Luo X, Lin X, Gao F, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhan L, Qiu Z, Wang J, Chen C, Meng L, Gao X, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Fan R, Liu H, Chen Y, Ren X, Tang J, Chen C H, Yang D, Tu Y, Liu X, Liu D, Zhao Q, You J, Fang J, Wu Y, Han H, Zhang X, Zhao D, Huang F, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Chen Q, Wang Z, Liu S F, Zhu R, Nakazaki J, Li Y, Han L 2022 Sci. Chin. Chem. 65 2369
Google Scholar
[13] Ni Z, Bao C, Liu Y, Jiang Q, Wu W Q, Chen S, Dai X, Chen B, Hartweg B, Yu Z, Holman Z, Huang J 2020 Science 367 1352
Google Scholar
[14] Li X, Zhang W, Wang Y C, Zhang W, Wang H Q, Fang J 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 3806
Google Scholar
[15] Li X, Fu S, Liu S, Wu Y, Zhang W, Song W, Fang J 2019 Nano Energy 64 103962
Google Scholar
[16] Zheng X, Hou Y, Bao C, Yin J, Yuan F, Huang Z, Song K, Liu J, Troughton J, Gasparini N, Zhou C, Lin Y, Xue D J, Chen B, Johnston A K, Wei N, Hedhili M N, Wei M, Alsalloum A Y, Maity P, Turedi B, Yang C, Baran D, Anthopoulos T D, Han Y, Lu Z H, Mohammed O F, Gao F, Sargent E H, Bakr O M 2020 Nat. Energy 5 131
Google Scholar
[17] Gharibzadeh S, Fassl P, Hossain I M, Rohrbeck P, Frericks M, Schmidt M, Duong T, Khan M R, Abzieher T, Nejand B A, Schackmar F, Almora O, Feeney T, Singh R, Fuchs D, Lemmer U, Hofmann J P, Weber S A L, Paetzold U W 2021 Energy Environ. Sci. 14 5875
Google Scholar
[18] Bai S, Da P, Li C, Wang Z, Yuan Z, Fu F, Kawecki M, Liu X, Sakai N, Wang J T W, Huettner S, Buecheler S, Fahlman M, Gao F, Snaith H J 2019 Nature 571 245
Google Scholar
[19] Chen S, Liu Y, Xiao X, Yu Z, Deng Y, Dai X, Ni Z, Huang J 2020 Joule 4 2661
Google Scholar
[20] Luo D, Yang W, Wang Z, Sadhanala A, Hu Q, Su R, Shivanna R, Trindade G F, Watts J F, Xu Z, Liu T, Chen K, Ye F, Wu P, Zhao L, Wu J, Tu Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhang W, Friend R H, Gong Q, Snaith H J, Zhu R 2018 Science 360 1442
Google Scholar
[21] Boyd C C, Shallcross R C, Moot T, Kerner R, Bertoluzzi L, Onno A, Kavadiya S, Chosy C, Wolf E J, Werner J, Raiford J A, de Paula C, Palmstrom A F, Yu Z J, Berry J J, Bent S F, Holman Z C, Luther J M, Ratcliff E L, Armstrong N R, McGehee M D 2020 Joule 4 1759
Google Scholar
[22] Wu X, Xu G, Yang F, Chen W, Yang H, Shen Y, Wu Y, Chen H, Xi J, Tang X, Cheng Q, Chen Y, Ou X M, Li Y, Li Y 2023 ACS Energy Lett. 8 3750
Google Scholar
[23] Cao Y, Feng J, Xu Z, Zhang L, Lou J, Liu Y, Ren X, Yang D, Liu S 2023 InfoMat 5 e12423
Google Scholar
[24] Sun Q, Duan S, Liu G, Meng X, Hu D, Deng J, Shen B, Kang B, Silva S R P 2023 Adv. Energy Mater. 13 2301259
Google Scholar
[25] Yang J, Sheng W, Li X, Zhong Y, Su Y, Tan L, Chen Y 2023 Adv. Funct. Mater. 33 2214984
Google Scholar
[26] Xu R Y, Pan F, Chen J Y, Li J R, Yang Y G, Sun Y L, Zhu X Y, Li P Z, Cao X R, Xi J, Xu J, Yuan F, Dai J F, Zuo C T, Ding L M, Dong H, Jen A K Y, Wu Z X 2023 Adv. Mater. 36 2308039
Google Scholar
[27] Yi Z, Li X, Xiao B, Jiang Q, Luo Y, Yang J 2023 Chem. Eng. J. 469 143790
Google Scholar
[28] An Z, Zhu Y, Luo G, Hou P, Hu M, Li W, Huang F, Cheng Y B, Park H, Lu J 2023 Adv. Energy Mater. 13 2302732
Google Scholar
[29] Dong Q, Chen M, Liu Y, Eickemeyer F T, Zhao W, Dai Z, Yin Y, Jiang C, Feng J, Jin S, Liu S, Zakeeruddin S M, Grätzel M, Padture N P, Shi Y 2021 Joule 5 1587
Google Scholar
[30] Jiang X, Subhani W S, Wang K, Wang H, Duan L, Du M, Pang S, Liu S 2021 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 8 2001994
Google Scholar
[31] Zhang Y, Kim S G, Lee D, Shin H, Park N G 2019 Energy Environ. Sci 12 308
Google Scholar
[32] Son D Y, Lee J W, Choi Y J, Jang I H, Lee S, Yoo P J, Shin H, Ahn N, Choi M, Kim D, Park N G 2016 Nat. Energy 1 16081
Google Scholar
[33] He M, Li B, Cui X, Jiang B, He Y, Chen Y, O’Neil D, Szymanski P, Ei-Sayed M A, Huang J, Lin Z 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 16045
Google Scholar
[34] Wu B, Fu K, Yantara N, Xing G, Sun S, Sum T C, Mathews N 2015 Adv. Energy Mater. 5 1500829
Google Scholar
[35] Zhang J, Bai D, Jin Z, Bian H, Wang K, Sun J, Wang Q, Liu S 2018 Adv. Energy Mater. 8 1703246
Google Scholar
DownLoad:
Catalog
Metrics
- Abstract views: 2851
- PDF Downloads: 146
- Cited By: 0
